Phytoremediation: An Eco-friendly, Sustainable Solution for Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution

Abstract

Air pollution is considered to be a harmful evil for both indoor and outdoor environments and it is persisting as one of the preponderant causes to project a burden on human and ecosystem well-being. Despite having the natural sources of pollution, most of the pollution is anthropogenic in origin and that have already played havoc by increasing the concentration of detrimental trace gasses and particular matter in earth's atmosphere. To avoid the extensive negative impact of pollutants on earth's life-supporting capacity, strategies to improve air quality are indispensible in recent days. Now the question is to get the most efficient way out for extenuating the negative effects of air pollution since it is allied with a plethora of human health problems. Air pollution abatement can be well implemented either by reducing the emissions or remediating the contaminants through phytoremediation methods. Although there is an extensive requirement of a cost effective, eco-friendly sustainable air pollutant remediation practice, the existing conventional emission control technologies are not suitable for air pollution mitigation in that respect. Phytoremediation enters into the frame with a promising approach because of its low-cost, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, soil stabilising, and least maintaining curriculum with great aesthetic values to combat major air pollutants. In this review, the applicability of phytoremediation has been explained in connection with the screening of certain plants capable of mitigating particular air pollution from both indoor and outdoor ambients. As the conventional way of phytoremediation of air pollution deals with some limitations, rapid advancements in the technological field in this present era have efficiently extended the development of active botanical biofilters exhibiting their potential for the effective mitigation of indoor air pollutants.