Abstract
A new homothallic Phytophthora species, isolated in Western Australia (WA), is described as Phytophthora boodjera sp. nov. It produces persistent, papillate sporangia, oogonia with thick-walled oospores, and paragynous antheridia. Although morphologically similar to P. arenaria, phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, cox1, HSP90, β-tubulin and enolase gene regions revealed P. boodjera as a new species. In addition, P. boodjera has a higher optimal temperature for growth and a faster growth rate. Phytophthora boodjera has only recently been found in Western Australia and has mostly been isolated from dead and dying Eucalyptus seedlings in nurseries and from urban tree plantings, and occasionally from disturbed natural ecosystems. It is found in association with declining and dying Agonis flexuosa, Banksia media, B. grandis, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus spp,. and Xanthorrhoea preissii. The status of P. alticola was also reviewed. The loss of all isolates associated with the original description except one; discrepancies in both sequence data and morphology of the remaining isolate with that presented the original description, and inconclusive holotype material places the status of this species in doubt.
Highlights
Numerous Phytophthora species have been associated with damping-off and seedling diseases in plant production nurseries worldwide (Hardy & Sivasithamparam 1988, Davison et al 2006, War eld et al 2008, Moralejo et al 2009, Goss et al 2011, Lilja et al 2011, Leonberger et al 2013, Pérez-Sierra & Jung 2013, Prospero et al 2013, Schoebel et al 2014)
The isolates were maintained in 90 mm Petri dishes on 8 agar ( 8A) ( (8A), 0.1 L ltered 8 juice, 17 g agar, 0.1 g CaCO3, 0.9 L distilled water) and on 5 mm 8A discs stored in 20 mL sterile water in McCartney bottles at room temperature
CMW 19417 was designated as the type isolate of Phytophora alticola by Maseko et al (2007), but no sequence data were provided for this isolate
Summary
Numerous Phytophthora species have been associated with damping-off and seedling diseases in plant production nurseries worldwide (Hardy & Sivasithamparam 1988, Davison et al 2006, War eld et al 2008, Moralejo et al 2009, Goss et al 2011, Lilja et al 2011, Leonberger et al 2013, Pérez-Sierra & Jung 2013, Prospero et al 2013, Schoebel et al 2014). Plants infected at production nurseries can potentially distribute Phytophthora species to parks and reserves, amenity plantings, plantations, rehabilitation and biodiversity plantings, wild ower farms, retail nurseries, and gardens. Many Phytophthora species, such as P. nicotianae, P. plurivora (often reported as P. citricola), P. cactorum and P. citrophthora, tend to be the most commonly recovered from nurseries worldwide, strongly supporting their dissemination through the nursery trade. The number of reports of Phytophthora species damaging to nursery trees, forests and natural ecosystems is increasing and this has signi cant implications for international plant biosecurity and plant health practice (Kroon et al 2012)
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