Phytogenically bioengineered metal nanoarchitecture for degradation of refractory dye water pollutants: A pragmatic minireview

Abstract

The present scenario of water insecurity (poor availability and accessibility to clean and healthy water when needed) denotes the preponderance of environmental damage caused by effluents or waste runoff from industries, such as the dye and textile industries. The polluted waters have led to terrible and sonorous negative impacts on the ecosystem and econetworking, thus, urging for a sustainably suitable substitute to tackle and annul the noxious environmental constraint posse by the hazardous dye effluent. Several chemical and physical methods for treating dye effluent are now in use, but they are time‐consuming, expensive, and inefficient. Interestingly, nanoparticles have egressed as a superior answer for efficient dye removal and degradation, because of their chemical reactivity and exceptional surface characteristics. As a result, the use of metal nanomaterials in the treatment of dye runoffs has been thoroughly investigated. The study used major scientific databases such as SciFinder, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to conduct a comprehensive review of publicly available literature. Degradation, dye effluent, green metal nanoparticles, and water pollution were the keywords used to find scholarly papers. Efforts were made to figure out and explain the mechanism of dye effluent degradation, how long the degradation will take and how effective the use of plant biosynthesized metal nanoparticles for dye removal is. In addition, the role of bimetallic nanoparticles has also been investigated with remarkable feat from literature. The current level of knowledge about the mechanism and the use of plant biogenic metal nanoparticles in common dye effluent treatment is summarized in this paper.