Abstract
The ethanol crude extracts (ECE) and their subfractions from Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves were prepared and their phytochemical profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. Moreover, the effective HPLC procedure for simultaneous quantification of twelve compounds in Z. bungeanum leaves was established. The correlation between the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity was also discussed. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had the highest total phenolic (97.29 mmol GAE/100 g) and flavonoid content (67.93 mmol QE/100 g), while the greatest total alkaloid content (4.39 mmol GAE/100 g) was observed in the chloroform fraction (CF). Twelve compounds were quantified by RP-HPLC assay. EAF exhibited the highest content of quercitrin, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, quercetin, sesamin, and nitidine chloride (125.21, 54.95, 24.36, 26.24, and 0.20 mg/g); acetone fraction (AF) contained the highest content of chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, and trifolin (5.87, 29.94, 98.33, and 31.24 mg/g), while kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, xanthyletin, and sesamin were rich in CF. EAF and AF exhibited significant DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging abilities and reducing power (FRAP), whereas CF exhibited significant antifungal activity. Moreover, EAF also showed stronger antibacterial activity. In conclusion, Z. bungeanum leaves have health benefits when consumed and could be served as an accessible source for production of functional food ingredients and medicinal exploration.
Highlights
Zanthoxylum bungeanum, known as the Da Hongpao Huajiao, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the family Rutaceae, is widely distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, and Shandong provinces of China and some Southern Asian countries [1]
Recent experimental studies have shown that the pericarp of Z. bungeanum possesses cardiovascular activity [8]; it can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic products [9]; methanol extracts of Z. bungeanum have anti-inflammatory activity [10]; the essential oil of seed and fruit exhibits marked antioxidant activity as well as antimicrobial activity [11,12,13]
ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) (67.93 mmol/100 g) and total phenolic content (TPC) (97.29 mmol/100 g) followed by acetone fraction (AF) (47.62 mmol/100 g for TFC; 62.87 mmol/100 g for TPC), which were much higher than ethanol crude extracts (ECE) and other fractions
Summary
Zanthoxylum bungeanum, known as the Da Hongpao Huajiao, which belongs to the Zanthoxylum genus of the family Rutaceae, is widely distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, and Shandong provinces of China and some Southern Asian countries [1]. Due to its fresh aroma and taste, the dried fruits are used ground or whole as a spice in local cuisines, which can stimulate saliva production and increase appetite [2]. Consisting of salt and Sichuan pepper (Z. bungeanum), hua jiao yen is often used as a condiment in barbecue foods, such as chicken tikka or roast duck. Apart from its common application as a condiment to make foods more flavoring, each part of Z. bungeanum has numerous medicinal virtues. In traditional Chinese medicine, the pericarp can be used for gastralgia and dyspepsia; the seed is reported to be antiphlogistic and diuretic; the leaves are considered carminative, stimulant, and sudorific; the root can cure epigastric pains and treat bruises, eczema, and snakebites [3,4,5,6,7]. Recent experimental studies have shown that the pericarp of Z. bungeanum possesses cardiovascular activity [8]; it can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic products [9]; methanol extracts of Z. bungeanum have anti-inflammatory activity [10]; the essential oil of seed and fruit exhibits marked antioxidant activity as well as antimicrobial activity [11,12,13]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
