Phytochemical Isolation and Structural Characterization of Compounds from Corchorus depressus (Linn.) leaves

Introduction: Wounds result from the disruption of cellular and anatomical continuity in living tissues due to external factors. Calotropis gigantea, also known as crown flower or giant milkweed (or "biduri" in Indonesia), is a small tree or shrub with white or purple flowers, widely used in traditional remedies. Its properties, including antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and wound-healing activities, have prompted this literature review to assess its efficacy in wound healing. Method: A thorough analysis of scientific findings and research conducted in the last 10 years, specifically after January 1, 2014, was undertaken. Data were collected from reputable databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. After applying publication limitations, three manuscripts were selected as the final outcomes of the review process. Result: The analysis of multiple studies reveals that C. gigantea possesses wound healing properties attributed to phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponin. These constituents play vital roles in each stage of wound healing, including the inflammatory reaction, proliferation, and remodeling stages. Additionally, C. gigantea promotes wound healing, leaving minimal scar residues. Conclusion: Calotropis gigantea has demonstrated its ability to enhance wound healing through various mechanisms, including astringency, antibacterial activity, promotion of homeostasis, facilitation of collagen synthesis, enhancement of re-epithelialization, and stimulation of cell proliferation via its phytochemical constituents. However, due to the scarcity of recent studies, the plant's true efficacy in wound healing remains unclear.

Simple SummaryStandard wound management involving topical antibiotics or essential oils can enhance the healing process. Organic plant oil extracts, such as totarol, have demonstrated efficacy in wound healing as adjunctive treatments. This study focuses on evaluating the antibacterial properties of totarol and its efficacy in clinical wound healing in dogs. This result reveals that totarol exhibited antimicrobial activity against both standard pathogens and clinical wound pathogens. Clinically, the use of totarol as an adjunctive therapy significantly improved wound healing, as indicated by a greater percentage of wound area reduction.This study investigates the susceptibility of common pathogens to totarol and assesses its clinical effectiveness in promoting wound healing in client-owned dogs with open wounds. Twenty-three client-owned dogs with open wounds were divided into two groups: (1) the treatment group (T-group) and (2) the control group (C-group). Clinical samples were collected from the wounds for the bacterial identification and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of totarol. In the T-group, wounds were treated with standard wound care together with the application at a dosage of 0.3 mL (two sprays) of commercial totarol product per 25 cm2 of the wound area. The C-group received only standard wound care. This in vitro study found that totarol exhibited antimicrobial activity against both standard pathogens and clinical wound pathogens. The MIC values of totarol dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol were 4 µg/mL for Gram-positive pathogens and ranged from 256 to 512 µg/mL for Gram-negative pathogens. However, the MIC values of the commercial totarol product ranged from 512 to 1024 for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Clinically, the use of a commercial totarol product as an adjunctive therapy significantly improved wound healing, as indicated by a greater percentage of wound area reduction (p < 0.05). From day 2 to day 7 of the treatment, the percentage of wound area reduction differed significantly between the T-group and the C-group. At the end of the study, the average percentage of wound area reduction was 69.18% ± 18.12 and 41.50% ± 20.23 in the T-group and C-group, respectively. The finding of this study illustrates the antimicrobial properties of totarol and its product against prevalent wound pathogens. These results suggest the potential of totarol as an adjunctive option for canine wound care.

Ginger, known for its rich array of bioactive compounds, holds significant therapeutic potential due to its diverse medicinal properties. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity and bioactive principles present in ginger rhizome oils obtained using three different extraction methods viz: liquid-liquid extraction, cold maceration, and soxhlet extraction. The oils’ bioactive principles were identified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) while their antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well diffusion technique. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of thirty compounds in each of the oils from liquid-liquid extraction and cold maceration, and fifty four compounds in the soxhlet-extracted oil. The most predominant compound in both liquid-liquid (31.13%) and cold maceration (16.99%) oils was oleic acid whereas the Soxhlet-extracted oil contained predominantly linoleic acid methyl ester (9.27%). Some bioactive compounds identified in these oils include δ-elemene, isoborneol, α-Bisabolol oxide, stearic acid, undecanone, palmitic acid, α-copaene, zingiberene, aromadendrene, farnesol, 2-methylhexane and farnesene which possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-cancer, hypolipidemic, mosquito repellant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities. Additionally, the oils exhibited promising antimicrobial potential against the test organisms with Staphylococcus aureus showing the least susceptibility to all the samples. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were completely resistant to the oil obtained by Soxhlet extraction at all tested concentrations. Meanwhile, Klebsiella pneumoniae (20 mm), Proteus vulgaris (18 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm), were most susceptible to the oil obtained by liquid-liquid extraction, cold maceration and soxhlet extraction, respectively. The study highlighted the significance of extraction methods on the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of ginger rhizome oils, underscoring the importance of choosing appropriate extraction techniques to optimize the oils' therapeutic properties for specific medicinal applications.

A systematic review of published clinical studies using cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A focus on efficacy in COVID-19 and wound healing.

The research was conducted to examine the correlation between nutritional status and wound healing in individuals who were receiving treatment for head and neck cancer. Specifically, this study sought to identify crucial nutritional factors that influenced both the recovery process and efficacy of the treatment. From February 2022 to September 2023, this cross‐sectional study was undertaken involving 300 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer who were treated at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. In order to evaluate nutritional status, body mass index (BMI), serum protein levels and dietary intake records were utilized. The assessment of wound healing was conducted using established oncological wound healing scales, photographic documentation and clinical examinations. After treatment, we observed a noteworthy reduction in both BMI (p < 0.05) and serum albumin levels (p < 0.05). There was slightly increased prevalence of head and neck cancer among males (61.0%, p < 0.05). Over the course of 6 months, significant enhancement in wound healing scores was noted, exhibiting overall improvement of 86% in the healing process. An inverse correlation was identified between nutritional status and wound healing efficacy through multivariate analysis. A logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between elevated levels of serum protein and total lymphocytes and enhanced wound healing. Conversely, negative correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between larger wound size at baseline and healing. The research findings indicated noteworthy association between malnutrition and impaired wound repair among individuals diagnosed with head and neck cancer. The results underscored the significance of integrating nutritional interventions into therapeutic protocol in order to enhance clinical results. This research study provided significant contributions to the knowledge of intricate nature of head and neck cancer management by advocating for multidisciplinary approach that incorporates nutrition as the critical element of patient care and highlighted the importance of ongoing surveillance and customized dietary approaches in order to optimize wound healing and treatment efficacy.

Objective: Development of a hydrogel containing rutin at 0.025% (w/w) and evaluation of its in vivo efficacy in cutaneous wound healing in rats.Methods: Hydrogels were prepared using Carbopol Ultrez® 10 NF and an aqueous dispersion of rutin in polysorbate 80. Hydrogels were characterized by means of pH measurement, rheological and spreadability analysis and rutin content determination by liquid chromatography. The in vivo healing effect was evaluated through the regression of skin lesions in rats and by analysis of oxidative stress.Results and discussion: Hydrogels showed adequate pH values (5.50–6.50) and pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior. After 5 days of treatment of wounds, hydrogels containing rutin presented a higher decrease in the wound area compared to the control hydrogels. Analysis of the oxidative stress showed a decrease in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content as well as an increase in catalase activity after the treatment with the hydrogel containing rutin. Furthermore, this treatment increased total protein levels.Conclusion: This study shows for the first time the feasibility of using dermatological formulations containing rutin to improve skin wound healing.

The traditionally use of indigenous medicinal plants in the treatment of burn, dermatrophytes and human infectious diseases and also still essential part of primary public health care. Antimicrobial activities of nine medicinal plants were determined in vitro through agar well diffusion method against pathogenic microorganism species of gastrointestinal tract. Medicinal plants extract of Cocculus pendulus, Malva neglecta, Rhazya stricta, Jaubertia aucheri, Corchorus depressus, Salvia bucharica, Microcephala lamellate, Berberis baluchistanica and Artemisa absinthium were found sensitive to Clostridium spp. The extracts of Malva neglecta, Jaubertia aucheri, Salvia bucharica and Berberis baluchistanica were observed sensitive to E. coli. Similarly the extracts of Malva neglecta, Jaubertia aucheri, Rhazya stricta, Corchorus depressus, and Artemisa absinthium were found sensitive to Salmonella spp. The extracts of Cocculus pendulus, Malva neglecta, Jaubertia aucheri, Corchorus depressus, Salvia bucharica, Microcephala lamellate, Berberis baluchistanica and Artemisa absinthium were sensitive to Shigella spp. The extracts of Cocculus pendulus, Jaubertia aucheri and Berberis baluchistanica were found sensitive to Klebsiella spp. The extracts of Cocculus pendulus, Rhazya stricta, Corchorus depressus, Microcephala lamellate and Artemisa absinthium were revealed resistance to E. coli. The extracts of Cocculus pendulus, Salvia bucharica, Microcephala lamellate and Berberis baluchistanica were revealed resistance to Salmonella spp. The extract of Rhazya stricta was revealed resistance to Shigella spp. The extracts of Malva neglecta, Rhazya stricta, Corchorus depressus, Salvia bucharica, Microcephala lamellate and Artemisa absinthium were revealed to resistance to Klebsiella spp. The extract of Jaubertia aucheri was highly sensitivity against E. coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Clostridium spp and Klebsiella spp. Keywords: Plants; Herbs, Bacteria; Gastrointestinal; Balochistan http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60079

BackgroundThe wound healing process is a complex cascade of physiological events, which are vulnerable to both our body status and external factors and whose impairment could lead to chronic wounds or wound healing impediments. Conventional wound healing materials are widely used in clinical management, however, they do not usually prevent wounds from being infected by bacteria or viruses. Therefore, simultaneous wound status monitoring and prevention of microbial infection are required to promote healing in clinical wound management.MethodsBasic amino acid-modified surfaces were fabricated in a water-based process via a peptide coupling reaction. Specimens were analyzed and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle, and molecular electrostatic potential via Gaussian 09. Antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition tests were conducted on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Biocompatibility was determined through cytotoxicity tests on human epithelial keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. Wound healing efficacy was confirmed by mouse wound healing and cell staining tests. Workability of the pH sensor on basic amino acid-modified surfaces was evaluated on normal human skin and Staphylococcus epidermidis suspension, and in vivo conditions.ResultsBasic amino acids (lysine and arginine) have pH-dependent zwitterionic functional groups. The basic amino acid-modified surfaces had antifouling and antimicrobial properties similar to those of cationic antimicrobial peptides because zwitterionic functional groups have intrinsic cationic amphiphilic characteristics. Compared with untreated polyimide and modified anionic acid (leucine), basic amino acid-modified polyimide surfaces displayed excellent bactericidal, antifouling (reduction ~ 99.6%) and biofilm inhibition performance. The basic amino acid-modified polyimide surfaces also exhibited wound healing efficacy and excellent biocompatibility, confirmed by cytotoxicity and ICR mouse wound healing tests. The basic amino acid-modified surface-based pH monitoring sensor was workable (sensitivity 20 mV pH−1) under various pH and bacterial contamination conditions.ConclusionHere, we developed a biocompatible and pH-monitorable wound healing dressing with antimicrobial activity via basic amino acid-mediated surface modification, creating cationic amphiphilic surfaces. Basic amino acid-modified polyimide is promising for monitoring wounds, protecting them from microbial infection, and promoting their healing. Our findings are expected to contribute to wound management and could be expanded to various wearable healthcare devices for clinical, biomedical, and healthcare applications.

Objectives Patients with serious injury need special care and treatment to control the infection, as wound sepsis is one of the major causes of death. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent which promotes healing and re-epithelialization. However, due to certain drawbacks such as inflammation and cytotoxicity, the need for novel drug delivery modality emerges. The objective of this study was to develop natural polymeric (chitosan and gelatin) hydrogel sponges containing SSD and evaluate its efficacy in wound healing using animal models. Methods SSD containing hydrogel sponges were prepared by solvent casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to evaluate morphological characteristics of the hydrogel sponges. Anti-thrombogenic property, drug release studies, drug release kinetics, antimicrobial property, and wound healing effect were also studied in detail. Results The optimized batch of hydrogel sponges (CG4) consists of 1% SSD wt., 10% wt. Gelatin, 1% wt. Chitosan and honey 7.5% wt. as plasticizer. At the 12th hour, in vitro and ex vivo drug release was found to be 76.994±0.67% and 24.22±0.57% respectively. CG4 batch had enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to conventional marketed cream. The developed SSD hydrogel sponges showed a faster rate of wound healing as compared to a marketed cream. Animals treated with CG4 formulation showed complete angiogenesis and re-epithelialization by 8th day, whereas 12days were required for complete wound healing with marketed cream. Conclusions The prepared hydrogel sponges can serve as a potential alternative for wound healing dressing as compared to the marketed product.

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, wound-healing effectiveness and chemical characterization of the latex of Jatropha neopauciflora Pax

Wound therapy remains a clinical challenge. Incorporation of growth factors (GFs) into heparin-functionalized polymer hydrogel is considered as a promising strategy to improve wound healing efficiency. However, different GFs incorporation into the same heparin-based hydrogels often lead to different wound healing effects, and the underlying GF-induced wound healing mechanisms still remain elusive. Herein, we developed a thermos-sensitive heparin-poloxamer (HP) hydrogel to load and deliver different GFs (aFGF and bFGF) for wound healing in vivo. The resulting GFs-based hydrogels with and without HP hydrogels were systematically evaluated and compared for their wound healing efficiency by extensive in vivo tests, including wound closure rate, granulation formation, re-epithelization, cell proliferation, collagen, and angiogenesis expressions. While all GFs-based dressings with and without HP hydrogels exhibited better wound healing efficacy than controls, both HP-aFGF and HP-bFGF hydrogels demonstrated their superior healing activity to improve wound closure, granulation formation, re-epithelization, and blood vessel density by up-regulation of PCNA proliferation and collagen synthesis, as compared to GF dressings alone. More importantly, HP-aFGF dressings exhibited the higher healing efficacy than HP-bFGF dressings, indicating that different a/bFGF surface properties lead to different binding and release behaviors in HP hydrogels, both of which will affect different wound healing efficiency. On the basis of experimental observations, the working mechanisms of different healing effects of HP-GFs on full skin removal wound were proposed. This work provides different views of the design and development of an effective hydrogel-based delivery system for GFs toward rapid wound healing.

Background: Wounds are considered health indispositions with detrimental socio-economic influences on the afflicted and their kin. Curcuma longa or turmeric has been used in the treatment of wounds. Employing the extracts of turmeric as a bioactive ingredient in an aqueous cream could enhance its value in wound treatment. Aim: This study aimed to formulate aqueous creams containing concentrations of ethanolic extract of turmeric (EET) as bioactive ingredients, evaluate their stability and wound healing activities in male Wistar rats using hydroxyproline (HXP) as a biochemical marker. Materials and methods: Solutions of 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 % w/v of crude EET were prepared and also incorporated as bioactive ingredients in aqueous creams. The stability of the creams was evaluated and their wound healing effects were studied using distilled water, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and cholesterol as controls in male Wistar rats. Results: The creams were stable in colour, pH, viscosity, etc. and exhibited wound healing activities. The animals treated with the crude 1.5 % w/v EET and its cream demonstrated the highest tissue HXP level showing significant percentage differences in tissue HXP levels from the control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The crude EET has been confirmed to possess wound healing properties with an optimal effective concentration for wound healing in male Wistar rats determined as 1.5 % w/v which when incorporated as a bioactive ingredient in an aqueous cream retained its efficacy in wound healing and could therefore be beneficial in the treatment of body injuries.

Coumestrol/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin association incorporated in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel exhibits wound healing effect: in vitro and in vivo study

Electrospun fibers loaded with Cordia myxa L. fruit extract: Fabrication, characterization, biocompatibility and efficacy in wound healing

Background Advancements in regenerative techniques have been utilized in placental amnion and chorion for a variety of purposes. Their ability to regenerate tissues has led to their usage in tissue engineering, wound healing, and other therapeutic applications. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of amnion and chorion in facial tissue wound healing. Methodology The study was an observational comparative study conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, involving 20 participants divided into two groups (Group I and Group II).Study groups were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A dehydrated human amnion/ chorion membrane was applied to the affected site of each group respectively. Its efficacy in wound healing was analyzed in the first, third, seventhday, and secondweek. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software(IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Patients treated with amnion membrane showed a decrease in wound size and the wound was completely healed by secondweek with mean scores of wound sizes of 0.00whereas the wound remained unhealed by secondweek with mean of 1.70to those treated with chorion membrane. Conclusion Amnion showed superior efficacy in wound healing at two-week intervals when compared to the chorion. Hence, this could be used in regenerative medicine as a graft to induce healing in facial wounds.