Abstract
This study identified major phenolic compounds of the tucum-do-cerrado (Bactris setosa) peel, as well as antioxidant activity and total phytochemical compound concentration of different extracts of the peel and pulp of this fruit. Phenolic compounds of the different extracts of tucum-do-cerrado peel were identified and quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a diode array detector (DAD). Total phytochemical compound content was determined by spectrophotometric assays and the antioxidant activity by ferric reducing antioxidant power and β-carotene/linoleic assays. Total phenolic, flavanols, total anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids concentration of tucum-do-cerrado were 122-, 14-, 264- and 61-fold higher in the peel than in the pulp, respectively. The aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the tucum-do-cerrado peel exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to its pulp. Flavanols, anthocyanins, flavones, phenolic acids and stilbenes were the main phenolic classes identified in the tucum-do-cerrado peel extracts. Results suggest that the antioxidant capacity and the phytochemical compound content of the tucum-do-cerrado are mainly associated with the peel. Although flavonoids are the main compounds identified in tucum-do-cerrado peel, other phenolics identified in minor amounts, such as phenolic acids and stilbenes, may be responsible for the high antioxidant capacity of the fruit.
Highlights
Bactris setosa Mart, more commonly called tucum-do-cerrado, is a palm shrub that grows near marshes and semi-shade, reaching up to 4.5 m high and producing an ovoid black-purple fruit 1.1 to2.1 cm long and 1.3 to 2.2 cm wide [1]
In order to evaluate phytochemical compounds composition in tucum-do-cerrado, the present study aimed to identify and quantify the major phenolic compounds present in the pulp and the peel of the fruit, as well as to evaluate antioxidant activity in each portion
Phenolic compound concentration and vitamin contents were higher in peel when compared to pulp, suggesting that peel is the main contributor of phytochemical compounds content of tucum-do-cerrado fruit (Table 1)
Summary
Bactris setosa Mart, more commonly called tucum-do-cerrado, is a palm shrub that grows near marshes and semi-shade, reaching up to 4.5 m high and producing an ovoid black-purple fruit 1.1 to. In a comparative study carried out by our group, tucum-do-cerrado fruit has been identified as one of the four Cerrado fruits having the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content relative to the red delicious apple (Malus domestica Borkh) [3]. These results suggest that phenolic compounds could be responsible for the fruit’s antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to identify the main phytochemical compounds in the tucum-do-cerrado fruit through high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode detector (HPLC-DAD) and evaluate the part of the fruit with the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity
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