Abstract
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the scientific literature on the pharmacognostic study of common toothwort (Lathraea squamaria L.). L. squamaria lacks chlorophyll, reaches a height of 30 cm. Most of the time it develops underground in the form of a branching rhizome (often in the form of a cross), covered with ovoid fleshy scales. A flowering stem with a dense spike-shaped drooping inflorescence with red (with a raspberry tinge) flowers grows briefly in the spring and dies off after flowering. The fruit is a unilocular capsule. Currently in traditional medicine, there is considerable experience in the use of herbs and roots of the сommon toothwort. In traditional medicine, L. squamaria is used for: ascites, dropsy, edema, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, diseases of the bile ducts and gallbladder, kidney diseases, cysts, uterine myoma and other female gynecological diseases, infertility, prostatitis, prostate adenoma, female oncology and liver organs, osteomyelitis, obesity. The chemical composition of L. squamaria has not been established yet taking into account the modern level of science and technology. Phenylethanoid glycosides, iridium glycoside aucubin and aucuboside ester, 6'-O-glucopyranosyl-aucubin, 6'-O-glucopyranosyl melampyroside, melampyroside, D-mannitol, β-sitosterol and other biologically active compounds were isolated. The desirability of studying with the aim of introducing into the conventional medicine was pointed out. Further study of L. squamaria raw materials aimed to introduce into official medicine is a very promising research field.
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