Abstract
The phytochemical content, antioxidant activity and antiproliferative properties of three diverse varieties of proso millet are reported. The free phenolic content ranged from 27.48 (Gumi 20) to 151.14 (Mi2504-6) mg gallic acid equiv/100 g DW. The bound phenolic content ranged from 55.95 (Gumi20) to 305.81 (Mi2504-6) mg gallic acid equiv/100 g DW. The percentage contribution of bound phenolic to the total phenolic content of genotype samples analyzed ranged between 62.08% and 67.05%. Ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid are the predominant phenolic acid found in bound fraction. Caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were also detected. Syringic acid was detected only in the free fraction. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the hydrophilic peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) assay. The PSC antioxidant activity of the free fraction ranged from 57.68 (Mi2504-6) to 147.32 (Gumi20) µmol of vitamin C equiv/100 g DW. The PSC antioxidant activity of the bound fraction ranged from 95.38 (Mizao 52) to 136.48 (Gumi 20) µmol of vitamin C equiv/100 g DW. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of the extract was assessed using the HepG2 model. CAA value ranged from 2.51 to 6.10 µmol equiv quercetin/100 g DW. Antiproliferative activities were also studied in vitro against MDA human breast cancer and HepG2 human liver cancer cells. Results exhibited a differential and possible selective antiproliferative property of the proso millet. These results may be used to direct the consumption of proso millet with improved health properties.
Highlights
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important cereal and a valuable component of the human diet, in developing countries
Epidemiological studies show that increased consumption of proso millet and its products are associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, such as elevated serum cholesterol [4], cardiovascular disease [5], type II diabetes [6], and liver injury [7]
Total Phenolic Content The free and bound phenolic contents of proso millet and the percentage contribution of each fraction to the total phenolic content of different genotype samples are presented in Fig. 1, expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equiv/100 g DW
Summary
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important cereal and a valuable component of the human diet, in developing countries. Epidemiological studies show that increased consumption of proso millet and its products are associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, such as elevated serum cholesterol [4], cardiovascular disease [5], type II diabetes [6], and liver injury [7]. These health benefits have been attributed in part to its unique photochemical profile. The phytochemicals contents of edible proso millet need closer examination due to their potential health benefit in the prevention of chronic diseases
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