Abstract
We have done a comparative study of ion status, growth and biochemical parameters in shoots and roots of seablite (Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown with different salinity levels in the medium (0.5 - 750 mМ). A distinctive feature of the halophyte was a high Na+ content in tissues at its low concentration in the medium (0.5 mM). In these conditions, Na+ accumulation in seablite roots was four-fold higher than in spinach roots, and Na+ content in seablite leaves was almost 20-fold higher than in spinach. Together with an increase in sodium concentration in the medium, K+ content decreased six-fold in seablite leaves, while in spinach it did not decrease so drastically. We can suppose that in the halophyte, some processes occur only in the presence of sodium, and these functions of sodium cannot be fully fulfilled by potassium. Analysis of protein and total nitrogen content in tissues shows that at high salinity, the ability to synthesize non-protein nitrogen-containing compounds increases in the halophyte and decreases in the glycophyte. Data on proline content dynamics show that its increase in tissues of spinach (salinity levels 150 and 250 mМ) and seablite (salinity levels 0.5 and 750 mМ) is an indicator of plant injury. In seablite and spinach, proline is not a major osmoregulator. Its concentration both in roots and leaves was no more than 2.5 μmol/g fresh weight. The data presented in this work concern the accumulation and distribution of Na+, Cl?, K+ and ions, as well as growth and biochemical parameters. Our data show that the development of adaptation reactions in the whole plants in the conditions of high salinity is determined by morphofunctional systems and their interaction.
Highlights
Overcoming the negative effects of high soil salinity on plants is a serious problem that is being tackled by professionals from various fields
We have done a comparative study of ion status, growth and biochemical parameters in shoots and roots of seablite (Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown with different salinity levels in the medium (0.5 750 mМ)
Analysis of protein and total nitrogen content in tissues shows that at high salinity, the ability to synthesize non-protein nitrogen-containing compounds increases in the halophyte and decreases in the glycophyte
Summary
Overcoming the negative effects of high soil salinity on plants is a serious problem that is being tackled by professionals from various fields. It is currently known that one of the main strategies for plant adaptation to high salt concentrations on the cellular level is to maintain low concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions in the cytoplasm This is reached through the selectivity of transport systems in the plasma membrane that transfer K+ and Na+ into the cell, and due to the export of sodium from the cytoplasm. A major mechanism of salt tolerance in the glycophytes is the limitation of inward flow of sodium and chloride into the roots and their transport into shoots [12] It has been shown for a number of crops that the more salt-tolerant species are more efficient at excluding Na+ from leaf cells and maintaining a high level of K+ in them [13]. Seablite and spinach differ in their salt tolerance: Seablite is a succulent euhalophyte [10], and spinach is a glycophyte
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