Abstract
ABSTRACT The sesame crop has stood out due to the high nutritional content of its seeds, in addition to being able to be cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions such as Northeast Brazil. Thus, it is necessary to identify the physiological, biochemical and productive changes related to the tolerance to stress. Objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and productive aspects of sesame genotypes as a function of different rates of water replenishment. The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa Cotton Experimental Unit, located in the municipality of Barbalha-CE, Brazil, under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with treatments in a factorial scheme (4 × 6), corresponding to four irrigation depths (40, 70, 100 and 130% ETo) and six sesame genotypes (G1 = T3-EGSGO3; G2 = T7-EGSGO7; G3 = T5-EGSGO5; G4 = T2-EGSGO2; G5 = T6-EGSGO6; G6 = T4-EGSG04), with three replicates. Data corresponding to the following variables were collected: leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content in leaf, electrolyte leakage, catalase, peroxidase, yield and oil content. The genotypes did not differ statistically and there were differences in the variables between the water replacement rates. Increments in growth and, consequently, in production, enzymatic activity, oil content and maximum production potential were observed with water depths between 75 and 90% ETo. Contents of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, were increased with the application of 80% ETo.
Highlights
In Northeast Brazil, where rainfall scarcity and/or poor distribution prevails, water deficit is a common and limiting condition to agricultural production, which makes the cultivation in the rainy period a highly vulnerable alternative
This study aimed to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and productive behavior of sesame genotypes as a function of different rates of water replacement
Sesame leaf area (LA) and total leaf phytomass (TLP) values fitted to a quadratic polynomial model (Figures 1 A and 1B)
Summary
In Northeast Brazil, where rainfall scarcity and/or poor distribution prevails, water deficit is a common and limiting condition to agricultural production, which makes the cultivation in the rainy period (rainfed) a highly vulnerable alternative. In these regions, irrigation can be used to supplement rainfall, which leads to improvement in the growth, development and yield of crops. According to Bernardo et al (2009), water replacement in the soil makes the production viable, regularizes and completes the use of soil, and can increase crop production These authors highlight that cultivation success depends on supplemental irrigation during the critical period of the crop. The sesame crop is resistant to drought and can produce with 300 mm of water well distributed along the cycle (Bernardo et al, 2009), which allows its cultivation in arid or semi-arid zones and in periods of scarce rainfall
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