Abstract
Polyampholyte cryogels are a less considered subject in comparison with cryogels based on nonionic, anionic and cationic precursors. This review is devoted to physicochemical behavior, complexation ability and catalytic properties of cryogels based on amphoteric macromolecules. Polyampholyte cryogels are able to exhibit the stimuli-responsive behavior and change the structure and morphology in response to temperature, pH of the medium, ionic strength and water–organic solvents. Moreover, they can uptake transition metal ions, anionic and cationic dyes, ionic surfactants, polyelectrolytes, proteins, and enzymes through formation of coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic forces. The catalytic properties of polyampholyte cryogels themselves and with immobilized metal nanoparticles suspended are outlined following hydrolysis, transesterification, hydrogenation and oxidation reactions of various substrates. Application of polyampholyte cryogels as a protein-imprinted matrix for separation and purification of biomacromolecules and for sustained release of proteins is demonstrated. Comparative analysis of the behavior of polyampholyte cryogels with nonionic, anionic and cationic precursors is given together with concluding remarks.
Highlights
The basic terms and definitions [1] together with the history of polymeric cryogels [2,3] including the synthesis, structure-property relationships, and properties [4,5] are comprehensively reviewed and systematized in the fundamental works of V.I
Macroporous amphoteric polymers based on N-[3The adsorption capacity of Molecularly imprinted polyampholyte (MIP) with respect to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is much higher (~95%) than nonimprintedpropyl]methacrylate and MAA [46] and N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide and polyampholyte (NIP) cryogels (~24%) but the mass transmission resistance is lower in cryogels allylamine (AA) [50] were used as a templates, adsorbents and carriers with respect to bovine serum compared with conventional nonmacroporous materials [45]
They can be used for removal of metal ions, dyes, surfactants, and drugs from the wastewater
Summary
The basic terms and definitions [1] together with the history of polymeric cryogels [2,3] including the synthesis, structure-property relationships, and properties [4,5] are comprehensively reviewed and systematized in the fundamental works of V.I. Preparation protocol, as well as the structural and morphological characteristics of cryogels and their application aspects with regard to biotechnology and biomedicine can be found [7,8,9]. Cryogels made of natural polyampholytes—proteins— belong to amphoteric cryogels. The structural and morphological properties of polyampholyte cryogels in response to pH, temperature, ionic strength and water–organic solvents are discussed. Gels 2019, 5, 8 polyampholyte cryogels is considered. The physicochemical, complexing and catalytic properties of conventional polyampholyte hydrogels are considered only when they are compared with the behavior.
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