Abstract
Some physicochemical properties of five brands of sachet and five brands of bottled water sold/produced in Abraka; Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State was investigated. Amounts of heavy in the water samples were also determined. The results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) respectively. Seventy percent of the samples had pH levels below the minimum level of 6.50 recommended by WHO and NSDWQ, suggesting that the water samples are acidic. The slight acidity of the water samples may not be unconnected to impurities from poor treatment techniques. Results for other physicochemical parameters: EC (78.60 ± 34.06 µs/cm), TDS (42.80 ± 18.46 mg/L), Temperature (30.02 ± 0.46 OC), Cl- (16.88 ± 7.01 mg/L), NO3- (0.12 ± 0.05 mg/L), NO2- (<0.001 mg/L), TH(10.60 ± 7.09 mg/L), Cu(0.05 ± 0.00 mg/L), Fe(0.34 ± 0.19 mg/L), Zn(0.11 ± 0.02 mg/L) and Mn (0.03 ± 0.00 mg/L) for sachet water samples; EC (99.60 ± 76.18 µs/cm), TDS (54.20 ± 41.84 mg/L), Temperature (29.96 ± 0.21 OC), Cl- (20.85 ± 17.44 mg/L), NO3- (0.12 ± 0.03 mg/L), NO2- (0.01 ± 0.01 mg/L), TH(15.00 ± 16.36 mg/L), Cu(0.04 ± 0.01 mg/L), Fe(0.20 ± 0.15 mg/L), Zn(0.11 ± 0.03 mg/L) and Mn (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/L) for bottled water samples; were within permissible limits, indicating that the water samples are good enough for human consumption.
Highlights
Water is very crucial for the sustenance of lives (Gangil et al, 2013; Thliza et al, 2015)
The proliferation of sachet and bottled drinking water products brings to fore the argument as to whether they are hygienically produced, especially when the poor sanitary conditions in most urban and rural areas of Nigeria coupled with irregular and insufficient monitoring of sachet and bottled water producers by regulating agencies is taken into cognizance (Adekunle et al, 2004)
At a degree of freedom equal to 8 and a p-value of 0.116, there was no significant difference between the pH values obtained for the sachet and bottled water samples
Summary
Water is very crucial for the sustenance of lives (Gangil et al, 2013; Thliza et al, 2015). Water is an essential part of human diet and is required for maintaining personal hygiene, for drinking, domestic, industrial and agricultural uses (Isikwue and Chikezie, 2014; Thliza et al, 2015). Studies have shown a gross inadequacy of access to potable water amongst the world’s population (Akinde et al, 2011; Oyelude and Ahenkorah, 2011). Several studies have corroborated the inadequacy of the country’s potable water supply. According to Akunyili (2003), the Government’s persistent inability to provide the required quality and quantity of water for the growing population contributed in no small measure to the proliferation of the so-called ‘pure water’ companies in Nigeria. The proliferation of sachet and bottled drinking water products brings to fore the argument as to whether they are hygienically produced, especially when the poor sanitary conditions in most urban and rural areas of Nigeria coupled with irregular and insufficient monitoring of sachet and bottled water producers by regulating agencies is taken into cognizance (Adekunle et al, 2004)
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