Abstract
Physico-chemical parameters of Romanian sea buckthorn fresh or dried berries, including titratable acidity (2.28±0.06 g malic acid/100 g FM), pH (2.60±0.08), contents of moisture (75.94±2.14 g/100 g FM), ash (2.83±0.11 g/100 g DM), ascorbic acid (1337.6±37.2 mg/100 g FM), oil (3.82±0.16 g/100 g FM), and macro elements, mainly K (11654 mg/kg DM), Mg (668 mg/kg DM), Ca (645 mg/kg DM), Na (401 mg/kg DM), and P (271 mg/kg DM), were evaluated in this paper. The most abundant volatile compounds found in the volatile fraction of berries were isopentyl isovalerate (30.8%), heptanal (11.7%), ethyl hexanoate (10.5%), ethyl isovalerate (8.1%), hexanal (7.5%), and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (6.3%). Total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity (expressed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity by inhibition of DPPH) of extract solutions obtained from dried berries by MAE using ethanol/water mixture as a solvent were estimated at different ratios of solvent volume/vegetal material mass (15-30 mL/g) and ethanol/water (50/50, 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 v/v). Inhibition of DPPH (22.61-48.60%) was well correlated with total phenolic content (4.42-10.04 mg caffeic acid equivalents/g DM) and total flavonoids content (5.37-11.14 mg quercetin equivalents/g DM). Keywords: Sea buckthorn, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, oil, volatiles, minerals, total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity
Highlights
Hippophae rhamnoides L., commonly known as sea buckthorn (SB), is a plant widely studied for its nutritional and therapeutic benefits
Ash, ascorbic acid, oil, volatile compounds, and minerals as well as titratable acidity and pH of berries were determined by specific methods
Berries are known for their high content of vitamin C, an natural antioxidant which is a scavenger of free radicals, protects the immune system, diminishes the severity of allergies, and has an essential role in bone formation, wound healing, and various metabolic functions [12,28]
Summary
Hippophae rhamnoides L., commonly known as sea buckthorn (SB), is a plant widely studied for its nutritional and therapeutic benefits. The berries are usually pressed, resulting in juice and a pomace (containing seeds and a fraction of peel and pulp (PP)) SB juice is rich in flavonoids, carotenoids, sugars, organic acids, aminoacids, essential FAs, volatile compounds, phytosterols, vitamins, and minerals [4,5,13,18]. Oils extracted from berries, seeds, and PP fraction contain high amounts of unsaturated FAs, carotenoids, tocopherols, and phytosterols and can be used as ingredients in functional food, nutritional supplements, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products [2,3,9,10,13,14,15,20]. Cleaned berries were dosed in samples of 0.5 kg and stored in a freezer at -20 oC until their analysis.
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