Physico-chemical and morphological evaluation of palm kernel shell particulate reinforced aluminium matrix composites

Abstract

The superior physical and mechanical properties of metals matrix composites in comparison to the matrix metals over a wide range of operating conditions makes them an attractive option in replacing metals for various engineering applications. In the present investigation, Aluminium alloy 6063 was reinforced with varying weight percentage of 212 µm palm kernel shell (PKS) particles (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%). The composite was prepared in a mild steel permanent mould, using stir-casting technique. Some chemical, physical and microstructural properties (XRF, XRD, density, % porosity and SEM-EDX) of the composites produced were characterized, evaluated and compared with that of the matrix alloy. The structural assessment evaluation of the reinforcement revealed the presence of elements and oxides that could improve the structure, physical and the mechanical properties of the composites. The morphological investigation showed that the secondary phase of PKS reinforcements were dispersed homogeneously in the Aluminium Matrix primary phase. The reinforcement of PKS particles improved the density of the produced composite over that of the base alloy, while the percentage porosity of the composites increased with increase in palm kernel shell content but lies within the maximum permissible limit for cast aluminium metal matrix composites. Formation of intermetallic compounds was evident in the composites developed.