Abstract
Introduction: Ionic liquids (ILs) have become a prospective candidate to replace the conventional electrolytes based on the volatile organic-solvents in lithium-ion batteries. However, the drawbacks of high viscosity and low ionic conductivity have restricted the high rate capacity and energy density in practical batteries. With the aims to resolve these problems and design a safe electrolytes with high electrochemical stability, mixtures of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (EMITFSI) with different amounts of ethylene carbonate (EC) was prepared and characterized as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries.
 Methods: In this work, we investigated four factors to demonstrate the performance of EMITFSI as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. These factors include: thermal properties of mixed electrolytes (Mettler Toledo DSC1 Star -DSC, Q500-TGA), Conductivity (HP- AC impedance spectroscopy), Viscosity (Ostwald viscometer CANNON) and electrochemical window (cyclic voltammetry-MGP2 Biologic Instrument). All experiments were repeated three times with the exception of TGA-DSC methods.
 Results: The study indicated that 20 % wt. ethylene carbonate (EC) when mixed with EMITFSI could significantly decrease the electrolyte viscosity while improving ionic conductivity and maintain similar electrochemical stability as pure ionic liquid. Lithium diffusion coefficient of mixed electrolytes was lower than commercial electrolytes based on conventional solvents, however, the thermal stability was enhanced.
 Conclusion: EMITFSI can be used to replace conventional carbonate-based liquids as a high-performance electrolyte for Li-ion batteries.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONRechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) plays a vital role in storage technologies (EES) due to the high energy density and voltage
Ionic liquids (ILs) have become a prospective candidate to replace the conventional electrolytes based on the volatile organic-solvents in lithium-ion batteries
In this work, we investigated four factors to demonstrate the performance of ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (EMITFSI) as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
Summary
Rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) plays a vital role in storage technologies (EES) due to the high energy density and voltage. Different types of ionic liquids are currently adulterated with other substances such as electrolytes, which are safe for use on various electrode materials with good compatibility These mixtures stabilize the SEI layer to avoid a continuous reduction in electrolytes 4–8. The physical chemical properties (thermal stability, viscosity, ionic conductivity) and electrochemical oxidation stability were investigated to determine the suitable electrolyte composition for using in the lithium-ion batteries. Ionic liquid-based electrolytes were obtained by mixing different amounts (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %vol.) of EC into EMITFSI and 1M LiTFSI These mixtures were continuously stirred with a magnetic paddle for 24 hours to ensure homogeneity. It is common for researchers to utilize the Vogel−Tammann−Fulcher (VTF) equation as a means to separate the effects of charged carrier concentration, which is often related to the pre-factor, A, and segmental motion, which is related to the activation energy, Ea, on the overall conductivity, σ, at a given temperature T 10. The reference electrode was a silver wire maintained in AgNO3 10 mM in acetonitrile + 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP)
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