Abstract
Black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is one of the main leguminous crops that provide chief source of food. Several Bradyrhizobium species are able to induce effective nodules in black gram cultivars. In the present study, we characterized forty isolates of indigenous black gram bradyrhizobia from Myanmar based on the sequence analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The sequence analysis confirmed that all isolates were categorized and identified as the genus Bradyrhizobium and they were conspecific with B. elkanii, B. sp., B. liaoningense, B. japonicum and B. yunamingense. Almost all the collected isolates from major black gram growing regions of Nyaunglebin Bago Regio, Chaungzon Mon State, Sittwe Rakhine State, Danubyu Ayeyarwady Region and Launglon Tanintharyi Region were identified as B. liaoningense. At Danubyu Ayeyarwady Region and Pyinmanar Nay Pyi Taw Region, most of the strains were identified as B. japonicum. On the other hand, more or less all the isolates from Launglon Tanintharyi Region and Hpa-an Kayin State were related to B. elkanii. However, all B. sp. strains were found in Salingyi Sagaing Region black gram growing region. This is the first report describing Bradyrhizobium strains that were isolated from soil samples of major black gram growing areas in Myanmar. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Myanmar Bradyrhizobim strains isolated from soil samples of major black gram growing areas of Myanmar for plant growth and nitrogen fixation was studied in pot experiments with completely randomized design and three replicates. The nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight and acetylene reduction activity of the plant inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii LauBG38 were significantly higher in ARA per plant, nodule and shoot dry weights than the other tested isolates in both Yezin-4 and Yezin-7 black gram varieties. We expect that Myanmar Bradyrhizobium elkanii LauBG38 will be able to use as Biofertilizer for black gram cultivars.
Highlights
Grain legumes play an important nutritional role in the diet of millions of people in the developing countries [1]
This is the first report describing Bradyrhizobium strains that were isolated from soil samples of major black gram growing areas in Myanmar
We aimed to isolate indigenous root nodule bacteria from collected soil samples of major black gram growing areas of Myanmar, to identify the phylogenetic diversity of indigenous black gram-nodulating bradyrhizobia in Myanmar based on sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) region of the isolates, and to evaluate the effectiveness of indigenous Myanmar Bradyrhizobium strains for plant growth and nitrogen fixation of Myanmar black gram varieties are required for investigation
Summary
Grain legumes play an important nutritional role in the diet of millions of people in the developing countries [1]. Hepper) is a short duration crop that belongs to grain legumes family and rich in protein [2]. It is an important legume crop in Asia [3]. In Myanmar, it is one of the major exportable crops and it is the second largest cultivated Legume crop as well [4]. During 2017-2018, black gram growing areas in Myanmar was about 9.77 million hectares with a production of 1.37 metric tons, and the average yield was 1.41 metric ton∙ha−1 [5]
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