Abstract
The first occurrence of the fossil-genus Phyllotheca (Equisetales) from the Carboniferous of Portugal is documented and its palaeobiogeographical, systematic and evolutionary significance is assessed. In this paper, we described this new equisetalean fossil as new species, Phyllotheca douroensis sp. nov., found in the Douro Carboniferous Basin (lower Stephanian C/lower Gzhelian, Upper Pennsylvanian), in northwestern Portugal. P. douroensis sp. nov. represents a convergent form of Phyllothecaceae sensu lato (comprises the Angaran Tchernoviaceae and the Gondwanan Gondwanostachyaceae) with closer affinities to Euramerican floral province.
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