Abstract
In the context of sustainable buildings, this paper investigates power flow management for an isolated DC microgrid and focuses on efficiency and energy cost reduction by optimal scheduling. Aiming at high efficiency, the local produced power has to be used where, when, and how it is generated. Thus, based on photovoltaic sources, storage, and a biofuel generator, the proposed DC microgrid is coupled with the DC distribution network of the building. The DC bus distribution maximizes the efficiency of the overall production-consumption system by avoiding some energy conversion losses and absence of reactive power. The isolated DC microgrid aims to minimize the total energy cost and thus, based on forecasting data, a cost function is formulated. Using a mixed integer linear programming optimization, the optimal power flow scheduling is obtained which leads to an optimization-based strategy for real-time power balancing. Three experimental tests, operated under different meteorological conditions, validate the feasibility of the proposed control and demonstrate the problem formulation of minimizing total energy cost.
Highlights
Some major preoccupations in urban area are the buildings energy performances and energy autonomy
This paper investigates power flow management for an isolated DC microgrid and focuses on efficiency and energy cost reduction by optimal scheduling
This paper shows the interest in the improvement of the overall system efficiency for the local production, local consumption, and usages
Summary
Some major preoccupations in urban area are the buildings energy performances and energy autonomy. Despite existing researches on microgrid power balancing [5,6], local power optimization for building-integrated DC microgrid [7,8,9,10] has not been fully explored In this context, facing the emergence of the smart grid combined with AC or DC microgrids, on the one hand, and the increasing of the positive-energy buildings, on the other hand, one of the solutions is the local DC microgrid based on PV sources that are the most commonly used renewable sources in urban area. As concerns the building-integrated DC microgrid [9,10,11], it is possible to design a DC power distribution in an energy efficient manner because most of its electric loads operate directly with DC power [12] Protection devices, such as solid-state circuit and hybrid breakers, are nowadays technically feasible, in accordance with the specification of breaking time and perturbation on the bus [13].
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