Abstract
Long nanotube (NT) arrays, prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti foils, have been utilized as dye-adsorbing electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). By anodizing for 1-24 hr and subsequent annealing, highly crystallized and tightly-adhered NT arrays were tailored to 11-150 lengths, ~90 nm innerpore diameter and ~30 nm wall thickness. I-V curves revealed that the photovoltaic conversion efficiency () was proportional to the NT length up to 36 . Beyond this length, the ) was proportional to the NT length up to was still steadily increased, though at a much lower rate. For example, an of 5.05% at 36 was increased to 6.18% at 150 . Transient photoelectron spectroscopic analyses indicated that NT array-based DSCs revealed considerably higher electron diffusion coefficient () and life time () than those with nanoparticles (NP). Moreover, the electron diffusion lengths () of the photo-injected electrons were considerably larger than the corresponding NT lengths in all the cases, suggesting that electron transport in NT arrays is highly efficient, regardless of tube length.
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