Abstract
Leukocoria, known as 'white pupil', can be present in several eye diseases, including retinoblastoma, a rare malignant eye tumour. It can be detected in photographs and is called photoleukocoria. The red reflex test is the best tool to detect leukocoria, and the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) recommends that it should be performed in all children's routine medical appointments in the first five years of live.
Highlights
Leukocoria, known as “white pupil”, can be present in several eye diseases, including retinoblastoma, a rare malignant eye tumour
Photoleukocoria was identified by 94% of the doctors, with no difference between paediatricians and general practitioners
Seventy-eight per cent used the red reflex test, but only 43% do it in all children’s medical appointments under five years old (34% paediatricians and 9% general practitioners, with p = 0.002)
Summary
Leukocoria, known as “white pupil”, can be present in several eye diseases, including retinoblastoma, a rare malignant eye tumour. Leukocoria describes the clinical finding of a white pupillary reflex It comes from the greek “leucos” (white) and “korê” (pupil), meaning “white pupil” and occurs when the structures form the visual axis (cornea, lens, vitreous and retina) turn opaque. It could be a sign of several childhood eye diseases, including retinoblastoma (Rb), which is the most serious, as it can be life threatening [2]. Other children’s diseases that could present with leukocoria are cataract (the most common treatable cause of visual impairment in newborns), retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, intraocular infection (endophthalmitis) and Coat’s disease These children appear healthy and don’t have symptoms, which contribute to diagnosis delay [2]
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