Abstract
Time-dependent Schrodinger equation simulations for a one-dimensional model potential reveal that the delay extracted from a streaking spectrogram does not reflect the photoemission time if the streaking field inside the solid cannot be neglected.
Highlights
The availability of attosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses paved the way to observe electron dynamics at atomic scales at solid surfaces on their natural time scales [1]
In addition to propagation time differences due to the electron mean free path (MFP) and differences in kinetic energy [13], it was shown that the band structure [4,5,6], electron-hole interaction and intra-atomic many-body effects need to be taken into account [2]
For particular refractive indices and illumination geometries the component perpendicular to the surface of the IR field inside the material is negligible. Under these conditions the delay extracted from the streaking spectrogram reflects the photoemission time at which the photoelectron crosses the bulk-vacuum interface, which can be envisioned as a common finish line for different photoemission channels
Summary
The availability of attosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses paved the way to observe electron dynamics at atomic scales at solid surfaces on their natural time scales [1]. Time-dependent Schrödinger equation simulations for a onedimensional model potential reveal that the delay extracted from a streaking spectrogram does not reflect the photoemission time if the streaking field inside the solid cannot be neglected. In streaking spectroscopy the interaction of a photoelectron with an intense near-infrared (IR) streaking field reveals relative delays of different emission channels with up to 10as resolution [2].
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