Abstract
BackgroundCiprofloxacin (CIP), moxifloxacin (MOX), norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL), are the antibacterial synthetic drugs, belonging to the fluoroquinolones group. Fluoroquinolones are compounds susceptible to photodegradation process, which may lead to reduction of their antibacterial activity and to induce phototoxicity as a side effect. This paper describes a simple, sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of CIP, MOX, NOR and OFL in the presence of photodegradation products.ResultsChromatographic separations were carried out using the Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column; (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm particle size). The column was maintained at 40°C, and the following gradient was used: 0 min, 95% of eluent A and 5% of eluent B; 10 min, 0% of eluent A and 100% of eluent B, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min-1. Eluent A: 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water; eluent B: 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile. The method was validated and all the validation parameters were in the ranges acceptable by the guidelines for analytical method validation. The photodegradation of examined fluoroquinolones in solid phase in the presence of excipients followed kinetic of the first order reaction and depended upon the type of analyzed drugs and coexisting substances. Photodegradation process of analyzed drugs was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the identification of degradation products was carried out by mass spectrometry.ConclusionThe developed UPLC-MS/MS method enables the determination of CIP, MOX, NOR and OFL in the presence of photodegradation products and identification of photodegradation products.
Highlights
Ciprofloxacin (CIP), moxifloxacin (MOX), norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL), are the antibacterial synthetic drugs, belonging to the fluoroquinolones group
In the presented paper we have developed and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)) for the determination of CIP, MOX, NOR and OFL, which was used to study the effect of UVA irradiation on the photostability of studied fluoroquinolones in powdered tablets
Undesirable changes in the pharmaceutical products induced by UV–VIS irradiation may occur during the production of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and during the preparation of dosage form or during storage [15,16,17]
Summary
Ciprofloxacin (CIP), moxifloxacin (MOX), norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL), are the antibacterial synthetic drugs, belonging to the fluoroquinolones group. This paper describes a simple, sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of CIP, MOX, NOR and OFL in the presence of photodegradation products. Fluoroquinolones are compounds susceptible to photodegradation process, which may lead to reduction of their antibacterial activity and to induce phototoxicity as a side effect [6]. The photodegradation process of CIP in solid phase was analyzed by thin layer chromatography method with densitometric detection in the presence and without selected metal ions. Samples were prepared on Petri dishes by evaporation of the test solution to obtain a dry residue They were exposed to UV radiation within the range from 240 nm to 280 nm for 96 h [11]. The chemical structures of the photodegradation products were identified as follows 7-[(2-aminoethyl)amino] 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-qunoline-3carboxylic acid and 7-amino-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4dihydro-4-oxo-qunoline-3-carboxylic acid [11]
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