Abstract
Bare TiO2 photocatalyst almost quantitatively converted nitrobenzene to aniline with various saccharides without the use of hydrogen gas. Although aniline was formed when any saccharide was used, the use of disaccharides (lactose, maltose, and sucrose) decreased the reaction rate. The rate of photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using saccharides is determined by the degradation rate of saccharides at positive holes. When glucose was used, formic acid, arabinose, glyceraldehyde and lactic acid were obtained, which are products that are consistent with the product of the photocatalytic oxidation of glucose.
Highlights
Hydrogenation is one of the most important processes in the chemical industry and is indispensable for the production of various chemical products
Hydrogenation of nitro aromatics to amino aromatics is achieved by high-pressure hydrogen at a high temperature
For large-scale production, H2 is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, methane, over metal catalysts such as nickel (Ni) under high pressure (20–40 bar) and at a high temperature (500–800 C)
Summary
Hydrogenation is one of the most important processes in the chemical industry and is indispensable for the production of various chemical products. Natural gas steam reforming is the most common method for industrial H2 production, providing about 90% of the H2 in the world.[2] For large-scale production, H2 is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, methane, over metal catalysts such as nickel (Ni) under high pressure (20–40 bar) and at a high temperature (500–800 C). Photocatalytic reforming of biomass is one of the promising methods for H2 production. Hydrogenation of nitro aromatics using biomass as a H2 source is a very attractive reaction.[10]. Glucose obtained from depolymerization of cellulose, a main component of lignocellulosic biomass,[11] is an abundant and renewable resource.[12] many researchers have studied utilization of glucose including H2 production from glucose by various routes such as 32300 | RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 32300–32304. Photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitro aromatics over TiO2 using various types of saccharides instead of H2 was investigated. All reagents with guaranteed reagent (FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals) grades were used without further puri cation
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