Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the acceleration of orthodontic movements, deriving from its biostimulating and regenerative capacity on soft tissues, consequent to the increase in differentiation, proliferation, and activity of cells that are involved with alveolar bone remodeling. The present randomized controlled trial was conducted on six patients who required extractive orthodontic therapy because their ectopic canines had erupted. A total of eight canines were analyzed, four of which received laser irradiation (i.e., experimental group). Two weeks after the extractions, all canines of the experimental and placebo groups were distalized simultaneously and symmetrically with the laceback retraction technique. The PBMT protocol consisted of four cycles of laser applications, one each on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 of the study, with session treatment durations of 2–4 min. The results of the descriptive analysis on the distal displacement speed of the canines after 1 month of follow-up indicate an average displacement of 1.35 mm for the non-irradiated group and 1.98 mm for the irradiated group. Through inferential analysis, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the average speed of the irradiated canines and the control canines. The low energy density laser used in this study, with the parameters set, was found to be a tool capable of statistically significantly accelerating the distal displacement of canines.
Highlights
Orthodontic treatment requires an average of 18 to 24 months of therapy
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the acceleration of orthodontic movements, deriving from its biostimulating capacity, consequent to the light stimulation of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts, which increase in differentiation, proliferation and activity, and begin alveolar bone remodeling
The low-energy-density laser used in this study, with the parameters set, was found to be an efficient instrument for accelerating the distal displacement of the canines in a statistically significant way, showing an acceleration rate of the experimental group of 32% greater than the placebo group after 1 month of follow-up, which is in agreement with the pertinent literature
Summary
Orthodontic treatment requires an average of 18 to 24 months of therapy. Several authors agree that these long treatment times, together with dental pain, are the main concerns for patients who undergo the treatment and are among the most important reasons causing them not to undertake it or to interrupt it [1,2].long treatment times are detrimental for clinicians, as they reduce the cooperation of patients [3] and increase the risk of gingivitis, caries, and external root resorption [4,5,6].In light of these considerations, this study arose from the necessity to find a method that reduces the duration of orthodontic treatment but at the same time, was not invasive, was free of side effects, was simple to use, and that can become part of the orthodontist’s therapeutic tools.Int. Long treatment times are detrimental for clinicians, as they reduce the cooperation of patients [3] and increase the risk of gingivitis, caries, and external root resorption [4,5,6]. In light of these considerations, this study arose from the necessity to find a method that reduces the duration of orthodontic treatment but at the same time, was not invasive, was free of side effects, was simple to use, and that can become part of the orthodontist’s therapeutic tools. Public Health 2020, 17, 3547; doi:10.3390/ijerph17103547 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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