Phonotactic and Morphological Effects in the Acceptability of Pseudowords

Percutaneous stenting for branch pulmonary artery stenosis is an established interventional choice in congenital heart disease. The apparent morphologic change in the vessel diameter often differs from the hemodynamic result. We performed a subanalysis of the data from the Japanese Society of Pediatric Interventional Cardiology (JPIC) stent survey. The factors that may have contributed to morphologic effectiveness included reference vessel diameter (RVD), minimum lumen diameter (MLD) and percent diameter stenosis (%DS) and the relation between morphologic and hemodynamic effectiveness was evaluated in 206 lesions treated with stenting. We defined a "50% increase in MLD" as "morphologically effective", while "achievement of either a reduced pressure gradient greater than 50% or an increase of perfusion ratio to the affected side to the contralateral side greater than 20%" as "hemodynamically effective". Morphologic effectiveness was achieved in 84% of patients. Before stenting, %DS was significantly larger, while RVD was smaller in the "effective" group than in the "non-effective" group. The cutoff value for effective stenting was 51% for %DS and 14.7 mm for RVD before stenting. Hemodynamic effectiveness was obtained more often in the "morphologic effective" group. RVD and %DS were the 2 main contributors to acute morphologic effectiveness. There was a significant relationship between "morphologic effectiveness" and "hemodynamic effectiveness", judging from increased perfusion of the affected lung and/or decreased pressure gradient. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1852-1856).

Chapter 17 Morphological Analysis in Word Recognition

A novel method to evaluate the quantitative effects of soot morphology and incident wavelength on the measurement accuracy of soot volume fraction, by the laser extinction (LE) technique is proposed in this paper. The results indicate that the traditional LE technique would overestimate soot volume fraction if the effects of morphology and wavelength are not considered. Before the agglomeration of isolated soot primary particles, the overestimation of the LE technique is in the range of 2–20%, and rises with increasing primary particle diameter and with decreasing incident wavelength. When isolated primary particles are agglomerated into fractal soot aggregates, the overestimation would exceed 30%, and rise with increasing primary particle number per soot aggregate, fractal dimension and fractal prefactor and with decreasing incident wavelength to a maximum value of 55%. Finally, based on these results above, the existing formula of the LE technique gets modified, and the modification factor is 0.65–0.77.

The effect of morphology and distribution of sulfides on tensile, impact and bending fatigue properties of non-quenched and tempered steel 49MnVS3 has been investigated in this paper. Microscopic structure and morphology of sulfides are observed, and impact fracture and fatigue fracture have been analyzed by SEM. The results show that the morphology of sulfides is mostly strip and distributes in ferrite, which affects mechanical properties and fatigue life. The length direction of sulfide strip is parallel to the rolling direction of steel. When the length of sulfide is short relatively and is approximate to the shape of particles. The impact properties and bending fatigue performance of 49MnVS3 are higher. Under those conditions, there are more ductile characteristics in their impact fracture and the fatigue fracture. The reasons for the effect of sulfide morphology on the mechanical and fatigue properties are explained.

Compacted graphite iron (CGI) has gained significant attention in automotive industry applications thanks to its superior thermomechanical properties and competitive price. Its main fracture mechanism at the microscale—interfacial damage and debonding between graphite inclusions and a metallic matrix—can happen under high-temperature service conditions as a result of a mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the two phases of CGI. Macroscopic fracture in cast iron components can be initiated by interfacial damage at the microscale under thermomechanical load. This phenomenon was investigated in various composites but still lacks information for CGI, with its complex morphology of graphite inclusions. This research focuses on the effect of this morphology on the thermomechanical performance of CGI under high temperatures. A set of three-dimensional finite-element models was created, with a unit cell containing a single graphite inclusion embedded in a cubic domain of the metallic matrix. Elastoplastic behaviour was assumed for both phases in numerical simulations. The effect of graphite morphology on the thermomechanical performance of CGI was investigated for pure thermal loading, focusing on a high-temperature response of its constituents. The results can provide a deeper understanding of the correlation between graphite morphology and CGI fracture mechanisms under high temperatures.

The effect of surface morphology on the response of Fe 2O 3-loaded vanadium oxide nanotubes gas sensor

The contributing effects of wool fibre morphology have been ignored in early mechanical behavioural models, in which the wool fibre has been treated as a two-phase composite with parallel constituents. Here, the stiffness of wool cells and fibres are modelled in terms of their morphological characteristics and the stiffness of all phases. The stiffness of a wool fibre is derived from the stiffnesses of three components – the cuticle, orthocortex, meso/paracortex – and their proportions within the fibre. The mesocortex and paracortex are treated as one component due to their similar location within the fibre and structural similarity. The stiffness of the cuticle is calculated from the stiffnesses of the exocuticle and endocuticle on the basis of earlier experimental data. The stiffnesses of the orthocortices and meso/paracortices are modelled with respect to intermediate filament (IF or microfibril) angles, stiffnesses and the volume fractions of IFs and matrix. Although the addition of a fourth component could be a simple extension to the model, this three-component model gives the essential properties for the simulation of the mechanical behaviour of wool fibres. The developed model may give new insight into the relevance of internal fibre structure to single fibre behaviour affecting fibre assemblies in yarns and may provide guidance for sheep breeding programmes designed to improve properties such as wool prickle, resilience and bulk characteristics.

It is well known that sufficiently strong electrostatic fields are able to change the morphology of Large Area Field Emitters (LAFEs). This phenomenon affects the electrostatic interactions between adjacent sites on a LAFE during field emission and may lead to several consequences, such as: the emitter's degradation, diffusion of absorbed particles on the emitter's surface, deflection due to electrostatic forces, and mechanical stress. These consequences are undesirable for technological applications, since they may significantly affect the macroscopic current density on the LAFE. Despite the technological importance, these processes are not completely understood yet. Moreover, the electrostatic effects due to the proximity between emitters on a LAFE may compete with the morphological ones. The balance between these effects may lead to a non trivial behavior in the apex-Field Enhancement Factor (FEF). The present work intends to study the interplay between proximity and morphological effects by studying a model amenable for an analytical treatment. In order to do that, a conducting system under an external electrostatic field, with a profile limited by two mirror-reflected triangular protrusions on an infinite line, is considered. The FEF near the apex of each emitter is obtained as a function of their shape and the distance between them via a Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. Our results suggest that a tradeoff between morphological and proximity effects on a LAFE may provide an explanation for the observed reduction of the local FEF and its variation at small distances between the emitter sites.

The spatiotemporal dynamics of morphological, orthographic, and semantic processing were investigated in a primed lexical decision task in French using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The goal was to investigate orthographic and semantic contributions to morphological priming and compare these effects with pure orthographic and semantic priming. The time course of these effects was analyzed in anatomically defined ROIs that were selected according to previous MEG and fMRI findings. The results showed that morphological processing was not localized in one specific area but distributed over a vast network that involved left inferior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left orbitofrontal gyrus. Second, all morphological effects were specific, that is, in none of the ROIs could morphology effects be explained by pure orthographic or pure semantic overlap. Third, the ventral route was sensitive to both the orthographic and semantic "part" of the morphological priming effect in the M350 time window. Fourth, the earliest effects of morphology occurred in left superior temporal gyrus around 250 msec and reflected the semantic contribution to morphological facilitation. Together then, the present results show that morphological processing is not just an emergent property of processing form or meaning and that semantic contributions to morphological facilitation can occur as early as 250 msec in the left superior temporal gyrus.

Morphological and Evaluation Effect within Russian Syncretic Derivational Model

Morphology and size effect of Pd nanocrystals on formaldehyde and hydrogen sensing performance of SnO2 based gas sensor

This commentary discusses the insights and suggestions of a review by The authors have diagnosed a controversial accumulation of findings in the field of visual word identification and, hence, have provided an overview of the field with the aim to separate substantial effects from findings that need further confirmation. The authors aim to provide a broad basis for theory development. The authors summarize 17 robust experimental effects and suggest that "any theory should be able to explain" this set of experimental effects (cf. abstract). Thus, the listed effects are supposed to help to decide which among competing theories have more explanatory power and might thus be considered scientifically superior.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease, in which several types of immune cells have been identified as playing important roles. Nanomaterials can function as powerful theranostic platforms for diagnostic imaging and controlled delivery of therapeutics in atherosclerosis. Here, we present a detailed investigation into the effects of morphology on the in vivo biodistribution of nanomaterials in naïve mice following intravenous injection. We applied these findings towards the targeting of diverse immune cells within the lesions of atherosclerotic mice. Three different nanostructures of the same surface chemistry were assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)- bl -poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG- bl -PPS) block copolymers: micelles (30 nm), vesicles (120 nm) and filomicelles (50 nm diameter by micron length). To assess the effects of the different morphologies, a multimodal approach was utilized that included 1) near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging to quantify organ targeting, and 2) fluorescent polymer conjugation for subsequent flow cytometric analysis of uptake by immune cells. Of note, vesicles were exceptionally efficient at targeting the spleen and were associated with up to 85% of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Micelles were associated with up to 90% of macrophages in the liver, and filomicelles were most effective at avoiding uptake by the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Due to their enhanced uptake by dendritic cell subsets relative to other nanostructures, vesicles were selected for targeting cells within aortic lesions of atherosclerotic LDL -/- mice. In addition to associating with macrophages and eosinophils, vesicles were found to target significantly higher percentages of atheroma-resident dendritic cells (25%). In conclusion, differences in morphology can drastically change the biodistribution of nanomaterials at both the organ and cellular level. The ability to target or avoid phagocytic cell subsets will enhance current and future theranostic strategies. Furthermore, the targeting of dendritic cells by vesicular nanostructures within atherosclerotic lesions opens new avenues for immunotherapies in cardiovascular disease.

Elucidation of the effects of cementite morphology on damage formation during monotonic and cyclic tension in binary low carbon steels using in situ characterization

Impact modifiers are used to enhance the toughness of rigid vinyl by providing a dispersed rubbery phase to absorb impact energy and prevent fracture of the otherwise brittle matrix. MBS impact modifiers are complex core//shell polymer structures based on specially prepared butadiene/styrene rubber latices with multiple stages of acrylic and other polymers grafted to them. In addition to providing a rubbery dispersed phase to improve to improve the toughness of vinyl, these structures also maintain clarity by matching the refractive index of the rubber particles with that of the vinyl matrix. Data will be present showing the effect of the rubber morphology, particle size and refractive index on the balance of impact strength and clarity of MBS modified vinyl packaging formulations.