Abstract
Philippine clay systems containing kaolinite obtained from Manito, Albay and San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte were prepared as fillers for rubber tire tread. Compositional analysis via X-ray diffraction revealed that Manito clay (MC) contains 1:3 kaolinite to quartz ratio whereas San Nicolas clay (SNC) consists of 1:2 kaolinite and smectite. The morphology of local clays was also analyzed and compared to reference Dixie clay (DC) that is typically used as filler by the rubber industry. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the platelet size of DC is smaller and more loose than both MC and SNC. Rubber compound filled with DC exhibited highest tensile strength (18.7 MPa), tensile modulus (3.23 MPa) and hardness (66.5 Shore A and 70.4 IRHD) as well as tan δ (0.115) and storage modulus, ∆G’ (851.88 kPa). This is thought to be brought about by the surface area for filler-elastomer interaction wherein DC is higher considering the its loose occurrence that would allow ease in dispersion in rubber. Nevertheless, MC could be a potential clay substitute for rubber tire tread application considering the obtained tensile strength (16.8 MPa), hardness (59.0 Shore A and 64.2 IRHD) and ∆G’ (756.91 kPa) when it is compounded with rubber. On the other hand, rubber compound filled with SNC showed poor mechanical strength but high % elongation at break, which could be contributed by swelling behavior of smectite.
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