Abstract
This study aimed to remove carbamazepine from aqueous solutions, using functional silica phenylamine (SiBN), which is characterized and showed excellent chemical and thermal stability. Adsorbents based on silica were developed due to their unusually large surface area, homogenous pore structure, and well-modified surface properties, as silica sparked tremendous interest. It was determined to develop a novel silica adsorbent including phenylamine and amide (SiBCON). The adsorbents obtained were analyzed by various spectroscopy devices, including SEM, FT-IR and TGA analysis. The maximum removal rates for carbamazepine were 98.37% and 98.22% for SiBN and SiBCON, respectively, when optimized at room temperature, pH 9.0, initial concentration of 10 mg·L−1 and contact time of 15 min. Theoretical tools are widely used in the prediction of the power of interactions between chemical systems. The computed data showed that new amine modified silica is quite effective in terms of the removal of carbamazepine from aqueous solution. Calculation binding energies and DFT data showed that there is a powerful interaction between amine-modified silica and carbamazepine.
Highlights
The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) [3,4], is one of the compounds considered non-biodegradable in the environment, because is not fully assimilated by humans and it is released to the media, and mainly accumulated in the aquatic system [5]
The aim of this study is to study the remediation of CBZ by an amine-based silica gel from aqueous solution and supported by theoretical studies
Nitrogen adsorption and adsorption isotherms were measured at 77 K, and the specific surface area of BET for SiBN and SiBCON was calculated using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms data based on the absorption data at P/P0 from
Summary
The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) [3,4], is one of the compounds considered non-biodegradable in the environment, because is not fully assimilated by humans and it is released to the media, and mainly accumulated in the aquatic system [5]. The highest proportion of CBZ removal was 65.6% [8,9]. The discharge of effluents from wastewater treatment plants into the environment might result in the formation of micropollutants [10]. There are several technological treatments to deal with this concern, because CBZ was classified as a potentially harmful compound for aquatic organisms by Council Directive 92/32/EEC [11]
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