PHENOMENON OF TRANSGRESSION VARIABILITY IN POPULATIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF HEMP INTERVARIETAL HYBRIDS

Abstract

The article deals with the issues of the phenomenon of transgression variability in populations of various types of hemp intervarietal hybrids. The study of the first generation of various types of intervarietal hemp hybrids showed that transgression trait is observed in most traits available for study. Studies showed that the height of intervarietal hemp hybrid plants transgresses within a fairly wide range, depending on the types of crossing. Concurrently, the genotypes of parental components have a great influence on the degree and frequency of tall and short-stemmed plants. So, in case of direct crossing of forms close in plant height (Glukhovskaya-10 and Odnodomnaya-2, YUS-9 and Poltavskaya-3), a population with biotypes exceeding the best parent by 18-19% is created in the offspring. The occurrence of such plants in this case is significant (12-16%). Crossing of components that differ greatly in plant height (YUS-9 and Odnodomnaya-2, Glukhovskaya-10 and Poltavskaya-3) shows a degree of transgression of 13-14% and a frequency of 9-10%. There is a transgression of some productivity elements in populations of various types of intervarietal hemp hybrids. The highest rates of transgression are revealed by the stem weight of one plant. The splitting nature of the first generation of simple intervarietal hybrids depends on the genotypes of the parental forms. Thus, when crossing Glukhovskaya-10 and Odnodomnaya-2 varieties, which are identical in stem weight, a population of biotypes, exceeding the best parent by 25% is created. The occurrence of such plants in this case is significant (24%). When crossing forms of YUS-9 and Odnoedomnaya-2, contrasting in stem weight, the degree of transgression is 18%, and the frequency is 15%. Transgression practically does not occur in the offspring of backcross hybrids. Therefore, the best biotypes in terms of a complex of traits, isolated in the offspring of first-generation hybrids, should be used to obtain complex hybrid populations. Complex hybrid populations are a valuable source material and can be the parent of a variety.