Pheno-genotypical features of masked hypertension in athletes in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the study is to identify pathogenetic features of the development of masked hypertension in athletes in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Design and methods . We enrolled 205 young men and males: 147 athletes with different orientations of training activity (cyclic sports and martial arts) and 58 control individuals without physical activity. All subjects underwent 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring, anthropometry, echocardiography, assessment of central hemodynamics, and a genetic study. Results. Despite similar sports experience, 40,8 % athletes have masked hypertension, which is more common among athletes with the “master of sports” qualification ( χ 2 = 5,68, df = 1, p = 0,013) and does not depend on sport type ( χ 2 = 2,09, df = 1, p = 0,107). Athletes with masked hypertension showed nocturnal hypertension, decreased myocardial function, and a high rate of left ventricular structural remodeling. Conclusions. We identified the following genetic and phenotypic features: associations of gene polymorphisms responsible for the development of hypertension, episodes of insufficient nighttime BP decline, nocturnal hypertension, structural remodeling of the heart. These findings suggest that people with masked hypertension show cardiovascular overstrain at rest, which considering excessive physical load can lead to target-organ damage. This pathogenetic factors can be considered as phenogenotypic predictors of hypertension development and require further investigation.