Abstract
The kinetics of radical polymerization of butyl acrylate initiated by potassium peroxydisulphate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (PTC) was carried out under inert and unstirred conditions at constant temperature of 60 ± 2 °C in ethyl acetate–water biphase media. The polymerization reactions were relatively fast in the two-phase systems with phase transfer agent whereas extremely sluggish in the system without PTC. Use of PTC accelerates the reaction effectively if the reactants located in two phase. The effects of rate of polymerization (R p) on various experimental conditions such as different concentrations of monomer, initiator, phase transfer catalyst, temperature, and different ionic strength of the medium were explored. The order with respect to monomer, initiator and phase transfer catalyst was found to be unity. The R p is independent of ionic strength and pH of the medium. However, an increase in the polarity of solvent has slightly increased the R p value. Based on the results obtained, a plausible mechanism has been proposed for the polymerization reaction. The obtained polymer was confirmed by FT-IR analysis.
Highlights
IntroductionThe growth and use of phase transfer catalyst (PTC) in the field of chemistry such as organic chemistry [1], inorganic chemistry [2], analytical applications [3], electrochemistry [4,5,6,7,8], photochemistry [9, 10] and in polymer chemistry [11,12,13,14,15] has become increasingly popular within industrial and academic arenas, because it is a potent and versatile technology which offers (1) less dependence on organic solvents, (2) excellent scalability and inherent compatibility with moisture, (3) enhancement of reactivity, which permits shortened reaction times and increased yields, (4) ability to substitute inconvenient reagents [like lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)] and (5) to control enantioselective variants and eco-friendliness
Inspired by the versatile application of PTC, we report the systematic kinetic study of radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) as phase transfer catalyst and potassium peroxydisulphate (PDS) as water-soluble initiator in an ethyl acetate–water two-phase system
The radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate initiated by PDS–PTC in an ethyl acetate–water two-phase system was studied under different experimental conditions to evaluate the various parameters, which influence the rate of polymerization reaction
Summary
The growth and use of phase transfer catalyst (PTC) in the field of chemistry such as organic chemistry [1], inorganic chemistry [2], analytical applications [3], electrochemistry [4,5,6,7,8], photochemistry [9, 10] and in polymer chemistry [11,12,13,14,15] has become increasingly popular within industrial and academic arenas, because it is a potent and versatile technology which offers (1) less dependence on organic solvents, (2) excellent scalability and inherent compatibility with moisture, (3) enhancement of reactivity, which permits shortened reaction times and increased yields, (4) ability to substitute inconvenient reagents [like lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)] and (5) to control enantioselective variants and eco-friendliness. The efficient source of PTC technology in synthesis of polymers offers important technical rewards compared to other conventional polymerization methods [16]. PTC technique make easy of the reactions that are heterogeneously located in an immiscible phases by operating through the transfer of an anionic species from an aqueous (or solid) phase to the organic phase, polymerization and organic reactions will take place. The acrylic esters such as n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) are commercially attractive and important functional monomers for the synthesis of acrylic resins.
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