Abstract
In this work, phase diagram for the (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–KNbO3–SrTiO3 ternary system has been constructed and analyzed based on macroscopic properties and structure analysis and pseudocubic (0.92−x)BNT–0.08KN–xST (0≤x≤0.07) ceramics have been fabricated and investigated. A morphotropic phase boundary between the ferroelectric rhombohedral and relaxor pseudocubic phases at around critical composition was proposed, resulting in large strain response. The polarization hysteresis loops, strain hysteresis loops and S–P2 curves demonstrate electrostrictive behavior of all studied samples. A very high electrostrictive strain (~0.148%) with a high electrostrictive coefficient Q11 of 0.0236m4C−2 is obtained for the 0.90BNT–0.08KN–0.02ST composition, which was entirely comparable to the well-known electrostrictive material Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3 )O3 and attributed to the formation of relaxor pseudocubic phase developed by the SrTiO3 substitution. Meanwhile, the electrostrictive coefficient exhibited a highly temperature-insensitive behavior, indicating that the investigated system is suitable for high-precision positioning devices and solid-state actuators.
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