Abstract
The pharmacology of the organic phosphorus insecticides has been extensively investigated during the past few years, and it has now been well established that the predominant physiologic effects of all members of this group are similar. The outstanding manifestations of acute poisoning by hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP), tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) and parathion resemble those produced by excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, the central nervous system and somatic motor nerves. This group of toxic agents may therefore be classified as parasympathomimetic stimulants or, more precisely, as cholinergic agents. Studies on the mechanism of action of alkyl phosphates show that they are potent inhibitors of cholinesterase. As a result of the inhibition of this enzyme, acetylcholine accumulates in the tissues and produces effects resembling prolonged stimulation of cholinergic nerves. This is the only biochemical effect observed thus far with concentrations compatible with the low doses that produce toxic effects in animals.
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