Abstract
Studies have shown that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) improves ventilation/perfusion matching, decreases lung inflammation and oxidant stress, and restores more normal patterns of angiogenesis and parenchymal growth in the immature lung. Such findings suggest a potential role for this therapy in preterm newborns at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Early clinical trials have shown that iNO can benefit larger preterm infants (>1,000 g) who have early respiratory failure and preterm infants who continue to require positive pressure support after the first postnatal week. Debate continues as to whether iNO increases the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage. Additional trials are needed to discern benefits to specific forms and durations of iNO therapy in both the short and long term.
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