- https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127968431034251128053422
Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Evaluation against Selected Pathogens of the Ethanolic Stem Extract of Musa velutina H.Wendl. & Drude
Translate Article 
Introduction:: Musa velutina H.Wendl. & Drude, a wild banana species with underexplored medicinal potential, was evaluated for its pharmacognostic, phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties using ethanolic stem extract. Methods:: Pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters were assessed, followed by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to identify functional groups, and antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar well diffusion method. Results:: The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and proteins. High phenolic (138.23 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (290.33 mg QE/g) contents were recorded. The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant potential (IC50 ≈ 1.00 μg/mL). FTIR analysis revealed hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic groups consistent with bioactive phytoconstituents. Antibacterial screening showed no inhibition against E. coli, while moderate, dose-dependent activity was observed against S. aureus (maximum zone of inhibition 11.5 mm at 1000 μg/disc). discussion: The extract’s potent antioxidant activity is attributable to its rich polyphenolic composition, as supported by both chemical assays and FTIR analysis. Selective antibacterial activity suggests that the extract may be more effective against Gram-positive organisms. The findings affirm the therapeutic relevance of the plant's stem, which has remained underexplored compared to other parts. Discussion:: The antioxidant potential is attributable to rich polyphenolic content, while selective antibacterial effects highlight differential susceptibility between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These findings align with reports on other Musa species and extend knowledge by documenting the pharmacognostic and bioactive profile of the stem of Musa velutina H.Wendl. & Drude. Conclusion:: The ethanolic stem extract of Musa velutina H.Wendl. & Drude is a promising source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents against Gram-positive bacteria, warranting further in vivo and bioassay-guided investigations.
- Research Article
- 10.24252/bio.v12i2.43666
- Dec 31, 2024
- Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi
Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench has been known for its abundant and affordable antioxidant potential. This plant has different antioxidant levels regarding the parts of the plant. Red okra is rich in flavonoids and polyphenols, including strong antioxidant as quercetin ad anthocyanin. This research is intended to determine the IC50 value and compare the total content of phenolic and flavonoid from ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract of red okra (A. esculentus) leaves, fruits, stems, and roots. Extraction process was done by gradual maceration method using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. IC50 value interprets the antioxidant activity obtained from DPPH test. The results showed a very strong antioxidant activity from red okra stem extract with IC50 of 25.22 ppm and the lowest from fruit n-hexane extract with 821.55 ppm. From TPC test, the highest content was obtained from stem ethanol extract with 156.01 mg GAE/g and the lowest from stem n-hexane extract with 25.99 mg GAE/. From TFC test, the highest content was obtained from fruits ethanol extract with 108.15 mg QE/g and the lowest from stem ethanol extract with 2.26 mg QE/g. In conclusion, this research showed that red okra (A. esculentus) contains a high level of phenol and flavonoid compound and the highest antioxidant content was shown in ethanol extract.
- Research Article
13 - 10.5530/jyp.2020.12.23
- Jul 10, 2020
- Journal of Young Pharmacists
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> </head> <body> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study investigated the free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of turmeric rhizome. <strong>Methods:</strong> We assessed the phytochemical constituents, total polyphenol and flavonoid content in these turmeric extracts using standard phytochemical analyses. Phytochemical screening of turmeric extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, sterols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. <strong>Results:</strong> Ethanol extracts showed the highest polyphenol content (71.7 ± 3.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of extract) and flavonoid content (28.5 ± 2.1 mg quercetin equivalents/g of extract) when compared to other extracts of turmeric rhizome. Similarly, ethanol extract of turmeric possessed the higher antioxidant activity (463.25 ± 36.15 μM Fe(II)/g of extract) in FRAP assay. The inhibitory concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of gallic acid, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate extract were found to be 27μg, 30μg, 38μg and 47μg respectively in DPPH assay. The H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> scavenging activity of the extract (20, 40, 50, 100 and 200g/ml) was increased in a dose dependent manner and ethanol extracts found superior hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity similar to gallic acid standard. The curcuminoids (standard) and the turmeric extracts were separated in Thin layer Chromotography (TLC). The Curcuminoids were separated into curcumin, dimethoxycurcumin, bis demethoxycurcumin with R<sub><em>f</em></sub> value of 0.91, 0.65 and 0.44 respectively. The composition of turmeric extracts was consistent with the composition of curcuminiods as shown by the R<sub><em>f</em></sub> values. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concludes that ethanol extract of turmeric showed high polyphenol and flavonoid content which is attributed to its higher anti-oxidant properties. <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key words: </strong>Turmeric, Phenolic content, Flavonoids, Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay. </body> </html>
- Research Article
- 10
- 10.34172/cjmb.2024.3012
- Jan 26, 2024
- Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences
Objectives: The current research delves into ethnopharmacology, specifically focusing on the influence of extraction solvent on parameters such as total phenol, flavonoid, coumarin, tannin, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity. This investigation spans different parts of Melilotus officinalis L. within two northern provinces of Iran. It is a holistic approach, exploring both traditional applications and the scientific impact of extraction methods on the plant’s bioactive properties. Materials and Methods: In various observational studies across different fields, ethnopharmacological data were acquired by collecting various parts of the M. officinalis plant (flowers, stem, and root) at different blooming stages from Charbagh Mountain (2340 msl) and Gorgan region (200 msl) between June and July 2016. "Ethanol and water extracts" of these plant parts were obtained through the maceration method. The quantification of "total phenol" (TP), "flavonoid" (TF), coumarin (CO), and tannin (TA) content in the extracts was conducted using spectrophotometry. The in vitro "antioxidant capacity" of the extracts was assessed through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay, and the reducing power assay. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the extracts was examined against nine gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Results: Based on the results, the ethanol extract obtained from the flowers of M. officinalis collected at a high altitude (2340 meters) in Semnan province demonstrated the highest concentrations of total phenols (38.08 ± 0.13 mgGA/g), flavonoids (62.04 ± 0.01 mgQU/g), coumarins (19.32 ± 0.08 mL/g), and tannins (33.89 mg/g). Notably, coumarin and tannins were absent in the water extract. The ethanol extract from the flowers in Semnan province exhibited superior antioxidant activity, particularly in the DPPH method (IC50=10.61 ± 0.81 µg/mL), surpassing the efficacy of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Moreover, the ethanol extract from high-altitude flowers displayed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Bacillus cereus, with inhibition zone (IZ) values of 19.1 ± 0.01 mm, 15.8 ± 0.2 mm, and 14.4 ± 1.12 mm, respectively. The MIC values against these bacteria were 24.5 μg/mL, respectively. In summary, the ethanol extract exhibited greater effectiveness against gram-positive bacteria compared to gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: Our results indicate a robust association among the extraction solvent, plant part, phytochemical composition, antibacterial efficacy, and antioxidant potential of M. officinalis L. Specifically, the ethanol extract derived from the flowers displayed the most significant antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics. This implies that the ethanol extract from the flowers of M. officinalis L. holds promise as a valuable reservoir of natural antioxidants, aligning with its traditional utilization in addressing various infections.
- Research Article
- 9
- 10.51248/.v42i5.1883
- Nov 14, 2022
- Biomedicine
Introduction and Aim: Citrus fruits are rich in polyphenolic compounds. The conventional medical system has utilized the fruit’s entire composition including the peel for its diverse biological functions. With this, the study aimed to assess and compare the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant analysis as well as polyphenol and flavonoid content of Citrus maxima juice, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of its pulp and peel. Materials and Methods: Qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content and different in-vitro antioxidant assays like total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay were carried out to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant potential in the juice, aqueous and ethanolic extract of pulp and peel of C. maxima. Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was performed in the peel ethanolic extract to identify the compounds present. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of triterpenoids and steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates and vitamin C in all the C. maxima crude extracts. Tannins were present only in pulp of ethanol extract and in both aqueous and ethanol extracts of peel. Resins were present in the juice and ethanol extract of pulp and peel. The total phenol and total flavonoid content was comparatively higher in ethanolic extracts of peel. All the extracts showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity. The reducing potential of the C.maxima extractives increased with the increase in its concentration. GC-MS analysis of ethanolic peel extract identified key constituents with pharmacological effects. The ethanolic peel extract showed good antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity when compared to other extracts. Conclusion: The results indicated that ethanolic peel extract of Citrus maxima revealed the highest presence of polyphenolic compounds, which are secondary plant metabolites with potential antioxidant activity.
- Research Article
- 39
- 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000204
- Jan 1, 2017
- Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Rhizomes of Heliconia rostrate, (family: Heliconiaceae) have been well known for antiophidic property. Ethnobotanically, rhizome of this plant have also been used to cure jaundice, intestinal pain and hypertension. This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial potency of two extracts of rhizomes of H. rostrata to find out which exhibited better activity. Methanol and ethanol extract of the dried and defatted rhizomes were prepared and were subjected to qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents, antioxidant assay and antibacterial evaluation. The methanol extract was found to give better yield than the ethanol extract. All phytoconstituents detected in the methanol extract were found in the ethanol extract also except for the glycoside content which was found only in the methanol extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was higher in the ethanol extract compared to the methanol extract, whereas total tannin content was higher in the methanol extract. Both ethanol and methanol extracts exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial potency. The antioxidant activities of both extracts were found to be equal, while the ethanol extract exerted significantly higher antibacterial activity compared to the methanol extract.
- Research Article
- 43
- 10.1155/2013/150675
- Jan 1, 2013
- Journal of Chemistry
Aim. The present study aimed to isolate flavonoid fraction from the aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis and to evaluate its antioxidant and anticancer potential using in vitro assay system. Methods. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were calculated for the drug. Flavonoid fraction was isolated using column chromatography and analysed using HPLC. In vitro, antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract and isolated flavonoid fraction was investigated by nitric oxide, DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Breast cancer (MCF 7) cell line was used as the in vitro cancer model for MTT assay. Result. The amount of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract showed 28.6 mg/g dry weight expressed as gallic acid equivalents, and 15.8 mg/g was expressed as quercetin equivalents, respectively. The tested extract showed good dose‐dependent free radical scavenging property in all the models with the IC50 values of 98 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL, and 96 μg/mL for ethanol extract and 10 μg/mL, 12 μg/mL, and 10 μg/mL for flavonoid fraction, respectively. The flavonoid fraction possess potent anticancer property against breast cancer cells (MCF7) with IC50 value of 40 μg/mL. Conclusions. It can be concluded that the aerial part of Cissus quadrangularis has potential antioxidant and anticancer activities.
- Research Article
- 1
- 10.7717/peerj.19524
- Jun 4, 2025
- PeerJ
Sacha inchi (SI) seeds are renowned for their high oil content, with omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for approximately 85% of the total fatty acids. However, the use of seed by-products has not received much attention in research. The objective of the current study was to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of SI seed shells. The antioxidant potential, along with the total phenolic, flavonoid, and procyanidin content of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The ethanolic SI seed shell extract exerted the strongest antioxidant potential, likely due to its higher phenolic and procyanidin content. The antibacterial potency evaluation of extracts towards S. aureus (ATCC29213), S. aureus (clinical) isolate and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of SI seed shell possessed significant efficacy. The mean growth inhibition zones of ethanolic extract against tested bacterial strains of S. aureus were ≥ 17.23 ± 0.42 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 250 µg/mL. The time-kill showed the bactericidal effect of ethanolic extract on Gram-positive bacteria, which was demonstrated by the time-kill assay. After ≤ 8 hrs post-inoculation, the mean log reductions in viable bacterial cell counts ranged from 9.37 Log10 to 4.37 log10 CFU/mL for S. aureus (ATCC29213), 9.146 Log10 to 4.124 Log10 CFU/mL for S. aureus (clinical) and 9.367 Log10 to 4.221 Log10 CFU/mL. Also, the ethanol extract exhibited notable potential in reducing biofilm formation and membrane-disruptive properties. Thus, it appears that ethanolic extract of SI seed shells can be potentially used as an excellent source of antioxidants and has antibacterial qualities against certain harmful bacteria that cause infection in the upper respiratory tract and skin.
- Research Article
- 10
- 10.22377/ijgp.v6i4.286
- Jan 1, 2012
- International Journal of Green Pharmacy
Aim: Many diseases are associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The present research was carried out to evaluate the total phenolic contents, flavonoid contents and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant potentials by five different assay method of various (benzene, chloroform, acetone, and ethanol) extracts of leaves and stems of Kalanchoe pinnatum as the plant is an ingredient of various traditional preparations used in the treatment of various diseases. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity was determined by using five different in vitro antioxidant assays including 2, 2‑Diphenyl‑1‑Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, ferric reducing antioxidant power and phosphomolybdenum assays. In the present investigation, quantitative estimation of flavonoid content and phenolic content was carried out by colorimetric methods using aluminium chloride and Folin‑Ciocalteu reagent methods respectively to establish relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Results and Conclusions: The plant powder (100 mg) yielded 0.49, 0.64, 0.99, 1.17 %w/w total phenolic content in leaves and 0.18, 0.27, 0.48, 0.62 %w/w total phenolic content in the benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol extracts of stems respectively using gallic acid as standard and plant contains about 0.24, 0.37, 0.56, 0.75 %w/w of total flavonoids content in leaves and 0.15, 0.22, 0.42, 0.54 %w/w of total flavonoids content in the benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol extracts of stems respectively using quercetin as standard. The extracts showed significant antioxidant activity in dose dependent manner in all the assays. The result obtained in the present study indicated that leaves and stems of K. pinnatum could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and justified the traditional use of herb in preventing disease induced by oxidative stress. Key words: DPPH scavenging activity, Kalanchoe pinnatum, no scavenging activity, phytochemical screening
- Research Article
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0333482.r006
- Sep 26, 2025
- PLOS One
Chiliadenus montanus (Vahl) Boiss. (Asteraceae) is a pharmacologically significant plant with different potent pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and anticancer activity of C. montanus, and to develop nanoemulsions (NEs) to enhance pulmonary delivery for lung carcinoma treatment. For that ethanol and water extracts, along with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions, were assessed for total phenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity against H1299 and A549 lung cancer cell lines. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest phenol (47.94 ± 0.32 mg GAE/g of DW) and flavonoid (20.34 ± 1.48 mg rutin/g of DW) contents, while the ethanol extract showed the most potent antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 322.1 µg/mL) and selective cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 641.2 µg/mL) against H1299 cells. Nevadensin, chlorogenic acid, and sorbifolin were identified as the major constituents of the ethanol extract using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed α-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, and α-cadinol as the lead volatile constituents. The major volatile compound of the aroma profile of the aerial parts, determined by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) was 1,8-cineole. Spontaneous emulsification was used to formulate ethanolic NE (S1-S4 NEs) with varying concentrations of ethanol extract, surfactant, cosurfactant, and oil phase. The optimal S4 NE demonstrated thermodynamic stability, appropriate pulmonary pH, and droplet sizes below 100 nm. These findings highlight the promising potential of C. montanus NE as a stable pulmonary drug delivery system for lung carcinoma therapy.
- Research Article
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0333482
- Jan 1, 2025
- PloS one
Chiliadenus montanus (Vahl) Boiss. (Asteraceae) is a pharmacologically significant plant with different potent pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and anticancer activity of C. montanus, and to develop nanoemulsions (NEs) to enhance pulmonary delivery for lung carcinoma treatment. For that ethanol and water extracts, along with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions, were assessed for total phenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity against H1299 and A549 lung cancer cell lines. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest phenol (47.94 ± 0.32 mg GAE/g of DW) and flavonoid (20.34 ± 1.48 mg rutin/g of DW) contents, while the ethanol extract showed the most potent antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 322.1 µg/mL) and selective cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 641.2 µg/mL) against H1299 cells. Nevadensin, chlorogenic acid, and sorbifolin were identified as the major constituents of the ethanol extract using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed α-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, and α-cadinol as the lead volatile constituents. The major volatile compound of the aroma profile of the aerial parts, determined by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) was 1,8-cineole. Spontaneous emulsification was used to formulate ethanolic NE (S1-S4 NEs) with varying concentrations of ethanol extract, surfactant, cosurfactant, and oil phase. The optimal S4 NE demonstrated thermodynamic stability, appropriate pulmonary pH, and droplet sizes below 100 nm. These findings highlight the promising potential of C. montanus NE as a stable pulmonary drug delivery system for lung carcinoma therapy.
- Research Article
- 6
- 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38389
- Sep 24, 2024
- Heliyon
Analysis of Eremostachys hyoscyamoides essential oil composition and assessing the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract
- Research Article
- 10.4103/jvpt.jvpt_1_25
- Jul 1, 2025
- Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Background: Ginger, a rhizome of a perennial plant ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe), is commonly used as a spice or remedy in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine phytochemical constituents with antioxidant potential in the hydroalcoholic extract of the rhizome of Z. officinale . Materials and Methods: The hydroalcoholic extract of the rhizome was prepared and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in addition to in vitro assays for determining the antioxidant potential of the extract. Results: The extract contained high phenolic, flavonoid, β-carotene, lycopene, tannin, and chlorophyll contents with high antioxidant potential. Phytochemical ingredients in the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited high total antioxidant, superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl, and free radical scavenging activities and reducing power. A dose-dependent relationship was found between the concentrations of the extract and radical scavenging activities. Median effective concentrations for total antioxidant, free radical, superoxide, NO, hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power activities were 66.22, 47.69, 3.04, 8.43, 8.78, and 0.10 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract contained high total phenolics and flavonoid contents with high antioxidant capacity, superoxide and NO anion scavenging activities for possible therapeutic and food processing applications.
- Research Article
- 1
- 10.19045/bspab.2024.130012
- Jun 10, 2024
- Pure and Applied Biology
This study was carried out in order to screen new drug candidate for many of human diseases.The study was carried out for the exploration of total flavonoids, phenolic contents,antioxidant and anto-bacterial activities of Rubus fruticosus as a new source of drug.Rubus fruticosus L. was screened for the estimation of total Flavonoid and Phenolic contents and antioxidant and antibacterial activities.R. fruticosus exhibited 50.01 0.03 mg/100 g of alkaloids in leaf, 21.1 0.07 mg/100 g in stem and 18.65 0.13 mg/100 g in root.Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 51.02 0.12 to 42.01 0.08.The maximum content found in stem was 71.31 0.04 mg GAE/g.Ethanol extract (EtE) of leaf, stem and root showed that the flavonoid content (TFC) of R. fruticosus extracts varied from 94.23 0.10 to 47.13 0.05 mg Rutin/g.Ethanolic extract of stem showed maximum DPPH scavenging activity (270.11.Above results revealed that ethanolic extract is reliable for proton-donating capability and could work, as free radical inhibitors and utilizing the plant extracts in traditional medicines can aid to cure most persistent human diseases.Keeping in view its medicinal significance with regards to community it is best suited antibacterial and antioxidant plant in order to cure many bacterial and metabolic disease.It will be a new insight for drugs screening and discovery of new compounds in order to use it for the benefit of society.
- Research Article
- 10.33545/26646862.2025.v7.i2i.249
- Jul 1, 2025
- International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Aloe vera is a well-known medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine due to its diverse pharmacological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera leaf extracts prepared using different solvents, namely aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, acetone, chloroform, and petroleum ether. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroids, and terpenoids, with polar solvents showing higher extraction efficiency. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). Ethanolic and methanolic extracts exhibited significant, dose-dependent zones of inhibition, with ethanolic extract showing superior activity compared to aqueous extract. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferrous ion chelating assay. The ethanolic extract demonstrated maximum superoxide radical scavenging activity (97.67%) at 100 µg/mL, while methanolic extract showed the lowest EC₅₀ value in metal chelation studies, indicating strong chelating potential. Overall, the findings confirm that Aloe vera possesses potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, particularly in ethanolic and methanolic extracts, supporting its potential use in pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications.
- Research Article
- 37
- 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.06.008
- Jun 1, 2017
- Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
To isolate, identify and evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective potentials, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, tannin content of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungus Achaetomium sp., isolated from Euphorbia hirta. Hepatoprotectivity of ethyl acetate extract of Achaetomium sp., was evaluated by CCl4 induced toxicity in HepG2 cells and subsequently analysed for cell viability using MTT assay. It also demonstrates antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials by DPPH radical scavenging assay and well diffusion assay respectively. Quantification of total phenolic content, tannin content and flavonoid content were assessed by spectroscopic methods. Phenols, flavonoids and tannins were the phytochemicals present in ethyl acetate extract of Achaetomium sp., with rich phenolic content exhibited potent hepatoprotective, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The hepatoprotective activity was recorded as of 72.13%±2.948% of cell viability at a concentration of 150μg/mL, whereas the standard silymarin showed 93.260%±0.784%. It was observed to be dose dependent, when CCl4 exposed HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of ethyl acetate extract. Antibacterial activity showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antioxidant activity ranged from 66.890%±1.385% to 87.340%±0.289% with (44.02±1.57) μg of total phenolics, (54.54±1.82) μg of flavonoid content and (18.790±1.018) μg of tannin content. Ascorbic acid, BHT (butylated hydroxyl toluene) Gallic acid and Pyrogallol were used as standards which showed 98.370%±0.763%; 97.080%±0.636%; 94.890%±1.103% and 96.980%±0.098% reducing potential respectively. The results reveal that the metabolites produced by endophytic fungi isolated from Euphorbia hirta could be novel natural products that could lead to new drug discovery.
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