Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Global prevalence of diabetes is increasing day by day making diabetes a global epidemic. Various factors increase risk of diabetes and genetic predisposition is one of very important factor. Many anti-diabetic treatments are available to control blood glucose level in diabetic patients now-a-days. Initially, oral anti-diabetic treatment is successful but it fails later on and requires insulin administration and there are large numbers of non-responders also. Even patients that do respond show variability in drug response and tolerance. PharmType 2 diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Global prevalence of diabetes is increasing day by day making diabetes a global epidemic. Various factors increase risk of diabetes and genetic predisposition is one of very important factor. Many anti-diabetic treatments are available to control blood glucose level in diabetic patients now-a-days. Initially, oral anti-diabetic treatment is successful but it fails later on and requires insulin administration and there are large numbers of non-responders also. Even patients that do respond show variability in drug response and tolerance. Pharmacogenomics is the study to determine the inter- individual differences that contribute toward drug response. Many studies have shown positive contribution of different polymorphism in alteration of drug response in various ethnicities. But still data related to pharmacogenomics of Asian population is limited. In this review, we have tried to summarize the genetic variations and their effect on three major classes of oral anti-diabetic medication that include thiazolidinediones, metformin and sulfonylureas.acogenomics is the study to determine the inter- individual differences that contribute toward drug response. Many studies have shown positive contribution of different polymorphism in alteration of drug response in various ethnicities. But still data related to pharmacogenomics of Asian population is limited. In this review, we have tried to summarize the genetic variations and their effect on three major classes of oral anti-diabetic medication that include thiazolidinediones, metformin and sulfonylureas.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance
One study showed a significant decrease in glucose levels in people carrying this P12A polymorphism in response to rosiglitazone administration (Bozkurt et al, 2007), but two other studies (Bluher et al 2003; Snitker et al, 2004) showed that percentage of responders does not differ between alanine carriers and proline homozygotes
Sulfonylureas is a class of T2D medication that binds to the sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 in the plasma membrane of the beta cells that is coupled to the KATP-channel
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The known risk factors for diabetes include modifiable (overweight and obesity, dietary factors, sedentary lifestyle) and non-modifiable risk factors (age, ethnicity, sex, history of gestational diabetes and family history) (Chen et al, 2012). It has been known for more than five decades that genetic differences among people contribute toward differences in response to drugs. The genetic variability among individuals influences antidiabetic treatment that contributes toward metabolism, absorption and distribution of drugs. These genetic variations might affect the drug target making some individual drug resistant. Identification of such variations related to drug response can help physicians in making drug selection decisions, better disease management, avoiding adverse drug reactions (Hu, 2012)
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