Pharmaceutical nanoparticle technologies: An approach to improve drug solubility and dissolution rate of Piroxicam

Abstract

Pharmaceutical nanotechnology is employed to improve poor aqueous solubility of drug compounds which have limited in vivo bioavailability because of their low dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal fluids. Nanoparticle technology reduced particle size of piroxicam, proved to be effective in improving the oral bioavailability as a result of enhanced solubility and dissolution rate. To achieve this objective, the formulations were prepared by evaporative antisolvent precipitation methode. The first-line drug is dissolved in an organic solvent, and then quickly mixed with an aqueous solution of stabilizer media. The physical characteristics of nanoparticles, as shape, particle size, solubility and disolution rate of nanopiroxicam were evaluated. FTIR (Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and differential scanning calorimetr (DSC) of the microcrystals were studied. The results showed that the nanoprecipitation method was used to prepare biodegradable drugs of reproducible sizes of piroxicam in the range (300-400 nm) with spherical shape by addressing the effects of processing parameters. Nanopiroxicam successfully improved the solubility and in vitro dissolution is expected due to of amorphous from revealed by X-ray and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies. The dissolution rate of the nanoparticles was markedly enhanced by reducing the particle size and a subsequently increased surface area. Nanopiroxicam formulations improved solubility and dissolution rate of piroxicam. Dissolution test showed that the C5 and C60 values of nanopiroxicams were greater than that of the commercial drugs and that of untreated Piroxicam, respectively.