Phacelia tanacetifolia as a Promising Object for Pharmacognostic Research

The nitrogen supply can be a yield-limiting factor in organic farming, especially when reduced tillage is applied. An organic field experiment was conducted from 2007 to 2013 to analyse the potential of the nitrogen supply through the efficient use of green manure crops in different tillage systems. Three farming systems were compared: a stubble cleaner system (SC) and a plough system (PL), both in a cereal-based crop rotation, and another plough system in a crop rotation that included alfalfa grass ley (PLALF). In the fifth year of the experiment, the experimental design was extended into a split plot design, and seven green manure treatments ( Lolium perenne , Phacelia tanacetifolia , Sinapis alba , a mixture of Sinapis alba and Trifolium resupinatum , Trifolium resupinatum , Vicia sativa , and bare fallow as the control) were integrated into each of the three systems. The effects of the three systems and the green manure treatments on N mineralization, the soil microbial biomass and the yield of the main crops of oats and field beans in the sixth and seventh years of the experiment were analysed. The results showed that the choice of green manure species was of minor importance in the PLALF system. This system generally success- fully supplied N to the oats with oat yields from 3.6 to 5.1 t per ha. Vicia sativa was the most promising green manure crop in the SC and PL systems, with the N min values and oat yields (4.0 and 4.6 t per ha) being similar to those in the PLALF system. In the subsequent year, the PLALF system again was more successful in most of the N min assessments than the PL and SC systems, which often had rather similar results. In addition, a main crop of field beans was able to compensate for the differences in the N min content, and the yields were similar in all three systems (3.1 to 3.7 t per ha). The microbial biomass in the top soil was significantly increased in the reduced tillage system compared to the plough systems. In conclusion, reduced tillage in organic farming can promote soil microorganisms and be competitive if the nitrogen supply is improved through the efficient use of green manure or an adequate leguminous main crop.

The study presents three-year data on the Phacelia tanacetifolia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth) cultivation in the monsoon climate of Primorsky Krai as a greenhouse crop; agrochemical characteristics of the brown-soil-podzolized soil are given. The phenological phases’ undergoing is shown; the influence of weather conditions on the interphase periods’ length of the phacelia plants is evaluated; the dynamics of linear growth and accumulation of plant vegetative mass is presented; the yield and receipt of mineral nutrition elements with the aboveground mass and crop-root residues is determined. It has been established that the vegetation period for the green manure of phacelia plants, depending on the climatic conditions, amounts to 45–50 days, which allows its cultivation as a repeated and intermediate crop. The green mass of phacelia had a positive impact on the agrophysical indicators of the meadow-brown ash-soil soil fertility. The conclusions about the necessity of including phacelia as a green manure crop in the links of field crop rotations are formulated.KeywordsGreen manure cropsPhacelia citrifoliumPrimorsky KraiElements of mineral nutritionYield of green mass

Phacelia tanacetifolia, an excellent cover, green manure and honey crop is now widely cultivated throughout the world. One of its principal European seed production regions is north-western Hungary, where the recent withdrawal of a potent herbicide, linuron, created a new challenge for many growers. The goal of this study is to identify the main factors determining weed species composition in the phacelia fields of the region and to assess the efficiency of tine harrow and clopyralid herbicide in reducing weed abundance and biomass. We carried out a series of weed surveys across the study region following a two-level design: (i) we estimated the cover of all weed species in 205 fields (broad-scale survey, BS); and (ii) in 22 of these fields, we provided more precise biomass measurements (counting the individuals and measuring the dry weights of all weed species) in microplots samples (fine-scale survey; FS). To characterize the fields, 34 background variables were also collected for all of the studied fields. In both investigations, Chenopodium album was by far the most abundant weed. Within the BS, using a minimal adequate model containing 11 terms with significant net effects, 20.93% of the total variation in weed species data could be explained. The variation in species composition was determined by environmental factors (soil pH, clay and K; precipitation and temperature), non-chemical management variables (crop cover, preceding crop, irrigation and tillage system) and herbicides (linuron and clopyralid). Variation partitioning demonstrated the dominance of environmental and cultural components in shaping the weed species composition. Although the effect of mechanical treatments was most likely masked in the BS by the soil properties, our FS suggests that tine harrow could efficiently decrease the total number and biomass of weeds and can be a useful tool in the phacelia management of the future.

Lentivirus Immobilization to Nanoparticles for Enhanced and Localized Delivery From Hydrogels

Sustainable soil fertility management is crucial for maintaining agricultural productivity, particularly in semi-arid irrigated regions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tillage and fertilization systems, under continuous application of post-harvest residues and green manure intercropping, on the fertility of irrigated dark chestnut soil in a semi-arid steppe climate. The research was conducted through a two-factor field experiment within a four-field grain crop rotation system: winter barley with green manure intercropping – soybean – winter wheat with green manure intercropping – grain corn. The experiment followed a systematic design with three replications across a 12.5-hectare area at the Askaniiska Research Station (Kherson Region , Ukraine). Tillage treatments included a differentiated system (control), which alternated 12–14 cm disk tillage for cereals with deep plowing for row crops, and a long-term (13-year) no-till system with direct seeding. Fertilization treatments involved varying levels of nitrogen and phosphorus mineral fertilizers, combined with green manure crops: leaf mustard ( Brassica juncea ), buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ), annual white melilot ( Melilotus albus ), and lacy phacelia ( Phacelia tanacetifolia ). Soil samples from the 0–30 cm layer were collected annually and analyzed at the Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of NAAS with accordance to the standards of agrochemical soil analysis. Results indicated that green manure biomass yields were generally higher under differentiated tillage: leaf mustard – 12.38 vs. 8.46 t/ha; buckwheat – 11.97 vs. 10.74 t/ha; annual white melilot – 10.13 vs. 9.38 t/ha; and lacy phacelia – 14.47 vs. 13.25 t/ha (differentiated vs. no-till). The highest nitrogen and phosphorus content in biomass was observed in annual white melilot (on average, 2.62% and 0.76%, respectively), while buckwheat showed the hig h est potassium accumulation (2.81%). Green manure intercropping insignificantly changed soil NPK content in comparison to control. Significant difference was observed for potassium content only. The highest nitrogen content in the soil was recorded at the no-till and leaf mustard variant; the highest phosphorus content was at no-till and lacy phacelia; the highest potassium content was at no-till and lacy phacelia. As for the influence of tillage and fertilization on the crop rotation productivity, it was established that only tillage had significant impact on the indicator. Differentiated tillage was superior to no-till in this regard, providing the grain units yield higher by 11.67%. Statistical analysis underscores the benefits of the differentiated tillage system, especially when paired with higher fertilization levels and green manure, in enhancing the productivity of all studied crops. The Tukey HSD test confirmed significant differences between tillage-fertilization combinations, with differentiated tillage + N 120 P 40 + green manure consistently achieving the highest yields. No-till tended to result in lower yields, particularly under reduced fertilization levels. This supports the agronomic recommendation to combine differentiated tillage with nutrient-rich fertilization strategies for optimized crop performance. Overall, the integration of green manure intercropping into crop rotations accompanied by rationa l ly differentiated tillage proved to be an effective, environmentally sustainable, and agronomically sound strategy for maintaining soil fertility under irrigated conditions in semi-arid regions.

Liquid ventilation

Backround: This study was carried out to determine the nutritional value and methane production potential of Phacelia tanacetifolia plant in different growth stages in April-May year in the ecological conditions of the province of Adiyaman in Turkey. Methods: Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) plant samples were collected with four replications in four different stages, pre-flowering, early flowering, mid-flowering and end of flowering (seeding). The nutrients of the feed samples were determined. The gas production was measured after 24 hours of incubation of the forage with rumen fluid. Result: The effect of harvest time on chemical composition was highly significant. In vitro gas production was lowest in stage I. and highest in II. The methane (CH4) lowest production values were found in the 1st stage, whereas the highest value was observed in the 4th stage (seed-binding stage), where the difference was statistically significant. ME was 7.49, 9.54, 8.90 and 8.61 MJ/kg DM respectively and the difference between the stages was statistically significant. It was concluded that Phacelia tanacetifolia, which is known as an important nectar source in the world and in Turkey. It is appropriate to harvest the phacelia plants in the second stage, i.e., at early flowering for higher ME contents and OMD.

Natural products and their derived secondary metabolites play an important role in medicine and other allied health sectors. Liriodendrin is one of the main lignans of <i>Boerhaavia diffusa</i> roots. Liriodendrin is a lignin class phytochemical having numerous health beneficial properties in medicine, including anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmic, anti-oxidant and anti- inflammatory potential. This present review aims to analyze the reported ethnomedicinal properties, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of liriodendrin and identify the remaining gaps in medicinal fields for their future investigations. The pharmacological properties of liriodendrin have been described in the present paper in order to describe its better utilization in natural medicine in the future. Biological poptential and pharmacological activities of liriodendrin have been described in the present work with their analytical development in the scientific fields. In the present work, scientific data on liriodendrin were collected from different scientific databases such as PubMed, Springer, Google, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. They described their biological potential on the basis of the available scientific literature. Further, research and review articles from peer-reviewed journals were also searched during data collection. The present paper's scientific data signified the biological importance of liriodendrin in medicine, which has been isolated from <i>Boerhaavia diffusa</i> and other medicinal plants. Liriodendrin has biological potential against myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, lung injury, hepatic injury, inflammatory disorders, ulcerative colitis, gastric injury, SARS-CoV-2 protease and intestinal inflammation. Further, its effectiveness in medicine was also due to its anti-convulsant activity, nitric oxide inhibitory potential, cytotoxicity, cytoprotective nature, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial potential. The present paper's scientific data also described the metabolism and analytical development for their isolation, separation and identification in different samples. Detailed pharmacological activities of liriodendrin have been described here in the present work and highlighted its important pharmacological properties and analytical aspects. Liriodendrin is a valuable phytochemical of Boerhaavia diffusa, which has numerous biological applications in medicine. Further, this study can also validate the traditional and ethnobotanical use of the <i>Boerhaavia diffusa</i> and other plant material, which contain a significant amount of liriodendrin as an active phytochemical. Liriodendrin have huge biological potential far beyond its traditional uses in human complications.

Chemical heuristics have been fundamental to the advancement of chemistry and materials science. These heuristics are typically established by scientists using knowledge and creativity to extract patterns from limited datasets. Machine learning offers opportunities to perfect this approach using computers and larger datasets. Here, we discuss the relationships between traditional heuristics and machine learning approaches. We show how traditional rules can be challenged by large-scale statistical assessment and how traditional concepts commonly used as features are feeding the machine learning techniques. We stress the waste involved in relearning chemical rules and the challenges in terms of data size requirements for purely data-driven approaches. Our view is that heuristic and machine learning approaches are at their best when they work together.

The results of the herbological analyses of the seed lots of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia received in the trading networks of Tomsk oblast are presented. The species composition of weedy plants which are able to spread by speirochory is revealed. A high degree of weed infestation of green manure seeds, including diaspores of invasive and potentially invasive species (as well as quarantine plants), has been recorded. In seed lots of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia supplied to Tomsk oblast in 2017–2018 from the European part of Russia and the Siberian Federal District, diaspores of 58 weed species were found, among which nine species are invasive, including one quarantine species (Acroptilon repens). Along with a large diversity of weed species, a high total contamination (from 340 to 86 500 pcs/kg) of green manure seeds, including the most harmful weeds, is noted. For example, diaspores of seven weed species recognized as dangerous and one species which is especially dangerous for products of plant origin were present in the studied samples of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia. A large threat is also posed by the contamination of the studied green manure seeds by weeds with a pronounced dormant period, the seeds of which replenish the soil bank of agrocenoses, ensuring their contamination for many years to come. To ensure the agricultural safety of the region, strict control of the contamination of imported seed lots, their culling, and preventing the sale of heavily contaminated seed lots are necessary.

Evidence-based pediatrics: The future is now

Therapeutic implications of impaired hepatic oxygen diffusion in chronic liver disease

به‌منظور تعیین مناسب‌ترین تناوب دوگانه و میزان نیتروژن از نظر کارآیی زراعی، فیزیولوژیک، بازیافت و شاخص برداشت نیتروژن آزمایشی در سال زراعی 92-1391 در ایلام به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی در شش سطح شامل (آیش، گیاهان پرکو، بوکو، شبدر برسیم، تربچه روغنی و ترکیب سه گیاه رامتیل، فاسیلیا، شبدر برسیم) و فاکتور فرعی کود نیتروژن در چهار سطح (صفر، توصیه کودی، 50% کمتر و 50% بیشتر از توصیه کودی) در نظر گرفته شد. میان سطوح فاکتور اصلی از نظر عملکرد دانه اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. تناوب بوکو: گندم با میانگین 8345 کیلوگرم بالاترین و تناوب آیش: گندم با 4491 کیلوگرم کمترین دانه را تولید نمود. بیشترین جذب نیتروژن در تناوب بوکو: گندم و کمترین در تناوب شبدر: گندم مشاهده شد. اختلاف میان تناوب‌های مختلف از نظر کارآیی زراعی نیتروژن معنی‌دار بود و در تناوب تربچه‌روغنی: گندم به‌ازای هر کیلوگرم نیتروژن مصرفی عملکرد اقتصادی 36/20 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش یافت. با افزایش مصرف نیتروژن به‌جز تناوب آیش: گندم کارآیی زراعی سایر تناوب‌ها کاهش یافت. کارآیی فیزیولوژیک نیتروژن در تناوب آیش: گندم بیش از سایر تناوب‌ها بود و به‌ازای هر کیلوگرم نیتروژن جذب شده حدود 39 کیلوگرم عملکرد تناوب افزایش یافت. بیشترین کارآیی بازیافت نیتروژن در تناوب تربچه روغنی: گندم حدود 45% و پرکو: گندم حدود 36% مشاهده شد. بیشترین شاخص برداشت نیتروژن در تناوب بوکو: گندم (5/86%)، و پرکو: گندم (85%) و کمترین شاخص در تناوب آیش: گندم (28/79%) مشاهده گردید. در نهایت تناوب پرکو: گندم و بوکو: گندم به دلیل بالا بودن عملکرد اقتصادی تناوب مناسب و قابل توصیه در منطقه می‌باشند.

Combining green manure and cattle manure to improve biomass, essential oil, and thymol production in Thymus vulgaris L.

Women in bioinformatics & data science - Latin America