Abstract
Mechanical jamming of nanoparticles at liquid–liquid interfaces has evolved into a versatile approach to structure liquids with solid-state properties. Ferromagnetic liquids obtain their physical and magnetic properties, including a remanent magnetization that distinguishes them from ferrofluids, from the jamming of magnetic nanoparticles assembled at the interface between two distinct liquids to minimize surface tension. This perspective provides an overview of recent progress and discusses future directions, challenges and potential applications of jamming magnetic nanoparticles with regard to 3D nano-magnetism. We address the formation and characterization of curved magnetic geometries, and spin frustration between dipole-coupled nanostructures, and advance our understanding of particle jamming at liquid–liquid interfaces.
Highlights
Liquid–liquid interfaces play an important role in physical, chemical and biological sciences as they break inversion symmetry and promote the interfacial self-assembly of monolayers of surfactants, colloids and nanoparticles to reduce the interfacial energy [1]
The binding energy of nanoparticles to an interface is, due to the particle size, insufficient to prevent the ejection from the interface upon mechanical compression, which causes the interfacial area and, the shape to relax to the equilibrium spherical geometry
The magnetic characteristics of these droplets allow for studying structural transitions of the assemblies, i.e., the transformation of the assemblies from a 2D liquid state into a 2D jammed glassy state, and enable us to explore spin glass materials at 2D curved liquid–liquid interfaces
Summary
Liquid–liquid interfaces play an important role in physical, chemical and biological sciences as they break inversion symmetry and promote the interfacial self-assembly of monolayers of surfactants, colloids and nanoparticles to reduce the interfacial energy [1]. A sufficiently large binding energy of the particles, be they soft or hard, can be achieved by increasing particle size or providing a Janus-type of heterogeneous surface functionality The magnetic characteristics of these droplets allow for studying structural transitions of the assemblies, i.e., the transformation of the assemblies from a 2D liquid state into a 2D jammed glassy state, and enable us to explore spin glass materials at 2D curved liquid–liquid interfaces. This perspective gives a brief overview of recent progress in generating and characterizing structured liquids and discusses future directions, challenges and application potentials of ferromagnetic liquids
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