Abstract
<p>Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine the contribution of personaltraits and social variables to the prediction of the frequency of cigarette andalcohol use in adolescents.Methods. Two questionnaires: Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Role of Parentsand Friends questionnaire were used in the pertinent sample of fourth-gradeelementary school students (N = 268), 18 ± 1.76 years of age. The calculatedCronbach’s alpha coefficient indicated a satisfactory internal consistency ofthe applied measuring instruments.Results. Approximately 70% of adolescents did not smoke cigarettes, and 64%of them did not consume alcohol. Correlation analysis showed statisticallysignificant connection between several variables. The results of hierarchicalregression analysis, with the p < 0.01, showed that predictors explained 26%of total criterion variance (the frequency of cigarette smoking), and 27% oftotal criterion variance (the frequency of alcohol consumption), respectively.Thereat the following variables had statistically significant independentcontribution to cigarette smoking: gender, neurosis, openness to experiences,cigarette smoking – parents and friends’ reaction to cigarettes, while the bestpredictors of alcohol consumption among adolescents were agreeableness,alcohol consumption – friends, and friends’ reaction to alcohol consumption.Conclusion. The obtained data provided an important insight into the significanceof insufficiently explored relations between social factors and personalitytraits and cigarette and alcohol use among adolescents.</p>
Highlights
Evaluation of the influence of personality dimensions and social factors on the frequency of cigarette and alcohol use among adolescents has become a frequent subject of psychological research
The results of hierarchical regression analysis, with the p < 0.01, showed that predictors explained 26% of total criterion variance, and 27% of total criterion variance, respectively
The obtained data provided an important insight into the significance of insufficiently explored relations between social factors and personality traits and cigarette and alcohol use among adolescents
Summary
Evaluation of the influence of personality dimensions and social factors on the frequency of cigarette and alcohol use among adolescents has become a frequent subject of psychological research. The results of these studies indicate that the cigarette and alcohol use is a mass behavior of young people [1,2,3,4]. Previous study on correlation between personality dimensions and risky health behavior has shown that agreeableness correlates negatively with alcohol and cigarette use among both sexes, neuroticism and introversion correlate positively with female adolescents, while extroversion correlates positively with male adolescents [16]. Neuroticism, low conscientiousness, and agreeableness of adolescents correlate with alcohol use, or it is assumed that, due to unpleasant emotional states such as anxiety, anger, sadness, as well as due to the problems with stressful situations, high school graduates use alcohol in significant amounts [17,18]
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