Perpetuating Fascism: Propaganda and the Temporality of Phonography

This article analyses the conception of history or ‘regime of historicity’ structuring the ideology of the Norwegian fascist party, Nasjonal Samling (1933–1945). It highlights the value of the theory of palingenetic ultranationalism to the understanding of fascist temporality generically and specifically. Generically, because the findings show how Nasjonal Samling ’s regime of historicity followed the same structure of revolution and eternity, decay and rebirth, as other fascist movements did. Specifically, because it also shows how Nasjonal Samling drew heavily on Norwegian national myths. The ideologues of ns recoded these myths, and integrated them into their own palingenetic, apocalyptic, and – after 1935 – antisemitic grand narratives. These crystallized in a triadic scheme, forming a fascist regime of historicity, structured around the myth of past greatness, followed by decadence, combined with a fantasy of a future revolutionary rebirth of the nation.

Academic histories in contemporary India compete with a host of other ‘regimes of historicity’ as the stakes in writing/rewriting the past have increased enormously. Most disputes over the interpretation of history are moreover increasingly taking place in courtrooms rather than classrooms, on streets and in public spaces rather than in the safer environs of the research carrel or seminar room. More important, many contending histories do not necessarily respect the evidentiary protocols of professional history writing. However, the field of alternative historical practice is not necessarily dominated by appropriations by the Hindu Right. Rather, if one takes a specific region such as Karnataka, as this article does, what emerges is a set of regional concerns and perspectives on the power of the past which may help in developing a historical method that is more appropriate to our times. Taking Tipu Sultan’s contentious legacy as the specific example, the article attempts to outline the possibility of a ‘historical temper’ in contemporary India.

Opgør med doping som sportens uvæsen, diskussion af en debat om dopingens legitimitet i sporten.Essence and dissence of sport – its historical regimes as revealed by the doping crisisThe understanding of a given social practice as taking place in a specific field requires, according to French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, that this practice takes place in regard to sets of specific logic – hereby giving the field a certain degree of autonomy relative to the surrounding social fabric.Sports will in this article be considered to constitute such relative autonomy, but due to its great success as organizer of human energies, sport is also in a condition of a complex relation to surrounding fields of practice. The doping problem is often seen as a result of commercial interests invading the field, and the solution to the problem is often interconnected with alien forces of authority taking command. In this crisis situation where autonomy is questioned, it becomes ever more dubious what in fact constitutes the »essence« of sport – and in public debates very dividing positions are taken. In our opinion the reason for this is that sports from the very start was a conglomerate of different historical regimes – united by history and forgetfulness. With the current crisis we can once again spot these dynamics of differentiation and association.

This chapter will explore the closely intertwined issues of historicity, identity and temporality in the texts of Montenegrin authors published from the introduction of parliamentarism in the Principality of Montenegro in 1905 to the establishment of the Communist regime in Yugoslavia in the wake of the Second World War in 1945. It aims to identify the successive regimes of historicity as they were reflected in the discourse of Montenegrin intellectuals over four tumultuous decades that witnessed the transformation of the absolutist monarchy into a province of the centralist Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and, finally, into the smallest republic of Tito’s federal Yugoslavia.

Regimes of Historicity, Identity, and Temporality in Montenegro, 1905–45

As an afterword to the special issue of JMEMS “Performance beyond Drama,” this essay reflects on the complex ways that premodern performances and their embodied actors are captured in, mediated by, or dependent on the texts that we use to study them, and on the special importance of examining this process across a temporal framework—the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries—that challenges the periodizing schema of modernity. In particular, three major systemic changes impacted European performance practices and their documentation during this era: the more widespread availability and manufacture of paper, which made writing easier and reading cheaper, coupled with the introduction of print technology after 1455; the upheaval of the Protestant Reformation and its Catholic counterpart, and the bloody aftermath of religious wars, persecutions, and witch hunts that (re)shaped performance traditions; and the commodification and policing of entertainment through enclosure and regulation. Taken together, this special issue's contributions reveal fascinating convergences and continuities in performance across the medieval/modern frontier, while also showing how some medieval practices were made to conform with postmedieval political and religious projects, thereby obscuring or blurring the evidence for those earlier practices.

This chapter discusses how media use changes when everyday life undergoes change, focusing on major life transitions. I briefly introduce different perspectives on evolving media repertoires across the life course, and argue for the relevance of studying periods of destabilization and reorientation, when elements of media repertoires and modes of public connection are temporarily or more permanently transformed. I argue that easily adaptable media technologies such as smartphones tend to become more important in unsettled circumstances, as easy-to-reach for tools for new forms of self-expression, information-seeking or social contact, in accordance with shifting social roles and everyday circumstances. The primary empirical material analyzed in the chapter is a small qualitative interview study with mothers, about their media use the first year with a new-born.

ABSTRACTHow to engage stakeholders effectively with different social media platforms is an important topic in strategic communication research. Grounded in uses and gratifications theory, consumption emotion theory, and temporal orientation framework, this study conducted an online survey among social media users in the United States (N = 940) to examine how individuals’ motivations, emotions, and temporal orientations in social media use might differ by multi-platform usage groups (i.e., Facebook+Instagram users vs. Facebook+Pinterset users). Our findings indicate that Facebook+Instagram users focus more on self-status seeking and entertainment, while Facebook+Pinterest users are more information-seeking driven and future-oriented. In addition, more optimism is detected among Facebook+Pinterest users. Implications for strategic communication theory development as well as insights for organization-stakeholder engagement on social media are discussed.

The growing availability of expansive social media trace data (SMTD) offers researchers promising opportunities to create rich depictions of societal and social phenomena. Despite this potential, research analysing such data often struggles to construct novel theoretical insight. This paper argues that holistically incorporating temporality enhances data collection and data analysis, subsequently facilitating process theory construction from SMTD. Recommendations to integrate temporality are outlined in the proposed Temporal Dynamics Framework and Methodology (TDFM). We apply the TDFM to investigate the temporal dynamics of mental health discourse on Twitter (now X) across different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, theoretically framed in the context of innate psychological needs satisfaction. The findings reveal dynamic shifts in social media use, indicating that different phases of the pandemic triggered changes in the needs motivating, and being motivated by, social media use. This illustrative case reflectively evaluates the TDFM's usefulness in contextualising SMTD collection, analytical strategies, and process theory construction by incorporating a dynamic perspective on time.

Maarevisjonid Eesti- ja Liivimaal Rootsi võimuperioodi alguses

This essay introduces a collection of five research articles that address how time becomes materialized, regimented, politicized, and phenomenologically experienced in diverse ethnographic settings. Against notions of time’s uniformity, we explore considerations of its relational nature in physics, linguistics, and anthropology. Temporal frameworks are not given but created, not unitary but multiple, and operate in degrees of lamination, synchrony, or dissonance. In colonial Papua New Guinea, the Ecuadorian and Brazilian Amazon, highland Bolivia, and South Korea, temporal frameworks serve as anchors to diverse social and political projects. These ethnographic accounts illuminate the dynamic and consequential nature of temporal semiosis.

TTEMPTS TO DESCRIBE, UNDERSTAND, and A explain small-scale and/or local social systems have been a major part of research by many anthropologists and other social scientists for several decades. Both improved data bases and conceptual advances, particularly since 1950, now enable better analyses to be made. Several significant changes have occurred in theory and methodology, including the construction of new paradigms and models. Today, there seems to be a growing consensus that many assumptions about the nature of social systems commonly made by social structuralist and functionalist approaches should be modified, possibly even reversed, and certainly made problematic. Rules, norms, ideology, patterns, equilibrium, integration, stability, boundedness, corporateness, and systemness are among the many attributes of social systems that are progressively being conceptualized to be variable, impermanent, and sometimes elusive. Furthermore, it is widely held that improved understanding and explanation of social systems can be attained if they are studied in wider spatial (regional, continental, and worldwide) and temporal frameworks (M. G. Smith 1966; C. A. Smith 1976).

The article covers three case studies which deal with changes in different property regimes: the regularization of an informal establishment in Salvador de Bahia; the redefinition of the sharecropping relationships in the province of Banias (Syria) introduced by the regulatory law of agriculture relations (2004); and the changes in communal property regimes in Goizueta (Navarra). With the common theme of changes brought about by different state customary and historical property regimes, it can be cross observed how this intervention leads to situations and types of management based on the same structural values and principles of a genuine (neo)liberal kind, that in very different contexts produce similar effects: instability of the occupant / agricultural worker; privilege of access to the land by purchase; tendency to maximize the yield and profit, introduction into the free market circulation, etc. Likewise, the three case studies shown together allow us to explore the contradictions, oppositions and resistances that cross the establishment of the (neo)liberal dominance, showing the shared elements, as well as the characteristics that conform those other political projects that confront, in different social-historical contexts, the liberalizing process.

Reviewed by: Writing and the Revolution: Venezuelan Metafiction 2004-2012 by Katie Brown Irina R. Troconis Brown, Katie. Writing and the Revolution: Venezuelan Metafiction 2004-2012. Liverpool UP, 2019. 198 pp. Katie Brown's Writing and the Revolution: Venezuelan Metafiction 2004-2012 is an illuminating and welcome addition to a growing corpus that examines cultural production during the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela. Focusing on contemporary Venezuelan fiction, Brown addresses and productively challenges its absence not only from English language scholarship, but also from debates and discussions—old and new—that have shaped and defined the scope and the study of Latin American literature. Brown's study focuses on eight novels published between 2004 and 2012: Juan Carlos Chirinos's El niño malo cuenta hasta cien y se retira (2004), Slavko Zupcic's Círculo croata (2006), Israel Centeno's Bajo las hojas (2010), Juan Carlos Méndez Guédez's Chulapos Mambo (2011), Eduardo Sánchez Rugeles's Transilvania unplugged (2011), Alberto Barrera Tyszka's Rating (2011), Gisela Kozak Rovero's Todas las lunas (2011), and Armando Luigi Castañeda's La fama, o es venérea, o no es fama (2012). The year 2004, as Brown points out, marks the start of major attention to culture in Bolivarian policy, while 2012 was the final full year of Hugo Chávez's life. Within this temporal framework, a question that dominated cultural and political debates in Venezuela and that figures prominently in the novels analyzed is: what is the role of literature? More specifically: who should have access to it? Who should be considered a writer? Whose stories should be told, and how? How should literature engage with national concerns and global demands? Brown's analysis explores not only how the writers of the aforementioned novels position themselves vis-à-vis these questions, but also how the cultural apparatus of the Bolivarian Revolution led by Minister for Culture Francisco Sesto established a strong link between the production of culture and the political project of re-founding the Venezuelan nation. Faced with the Bolivarian idea of culture "in which politics is the utmost priority" (15), the writers Brown engages with turn to metafiction, intertextuality, and autofiction to escape from the oppression of official grand narratives and to explore different forms of national belonging and different understandings of what it means to write literature in and about Venezuela. Brown's extensive introduction addresses several elements of the literary and political context framing the novels discussed in the book's six chapters, beginning with an overview of the various factors that contributed to the absence of Venezuelan writing from world literary spaces and from defining literary movements such as the Boom. This absence, Brown argues, problematizes recent theories of "global" or "post-national" Latin American literature "which are based on studies of a handful of countries" and which conceptualize it as not particularly exceptionalist or isolationist (2). Though contemporary Venezuelan literature shares many of the characteristics of "global" or "post-national" literature, it also draws attention to the insistence of the Bolivarian government that "the national is necessary and [End Page 467] sufficient" and that literature should not be influenced by the foreign (5). Brown traces the development of this understanding of literature by examining the different cultural policies that were introduced starting in 2004, and that promoted "nationalism, socialism, the democratisation of literature, and a focus on literature as a way of documenting and transferring information more than as a creative endeavor" (13). She then discusses how Venezuelan writers reacted to these changes in the cultural landscape, the challenges they faced in terms of publishing inside and outside of the state system, and the changes in the visibility and marketability of Venezuelan literature that have resulted from the ongoing wave of emigration caused by the Bolivarian Revolution. She concludes with an overview of each of the novels and authors examined in each chapter, and develops a conceptual framework to approach their shared interest in experimenting with metafiction, autofiction, and intertextuality. Brown's introduction not only provides readers with a thorough analysis of the state of the literary industry in Venezuela under the Bolivarian Revolution, but it also places it in a productive...

The background of this research come from of the result of research faculty beginners which have been raised in 2011 by title “The Evaluation of Learning Method in Education Media Subject at FKIP UMMY”. Based on that result, researcher interest to develop research about how applying of instructional media in school practice by student field practice of FKIP. This type of the research is qualitative research. Means of collecting data in this researchis the researchers them selves and the team, and comes with interview, observation guidelines, and documentation to assure the validity ofthe dataisbased on standardsof credibility as the standard fit and easier to analyze that data and research would be moreaccurate. Guarantor ofthe validity ofthe datais done byan extension ofthe standardof participation, a more diligen to bservation and triangulation. The results of this research is student field practicehavethe ability and skill in using the media to implement the learning, in spite of the media used simple. The problems in the use of media in school practice is a)a short learning period, b) student field practice in comprehensi on factor in using the media, c) the electricity has not reached the classroom, d) lack of understanding of students field practice in using the media and e) classroom managementnot good, not supportfor the use of instructional media.