Abstract
In an experiment conducted within the Milgram paradigm, it was examined whether obedience towards an authority would be reduced in conditions in which the teacher had grounds to fear revenge from the learner. A comparison was made of the behaviour of participants in classic conditions and in conditions in which they were told that following the first part of the experiment, there would be an alteration of roles: the teacher would become the learner. It turned out that the level of compliance was the same in both groups. The dominant behaviour, regardless of whether the participant expects a change of roles or not, is total obedience.
Highlights
Himself as an instrument for carrying out the wishes of others” (Milgram, 1974, p. 134)
While such an interpretation of the behaviours of individuals participating in experiments using the Milgram paradigm has not been demonstrated empirically yet (Dolinski and Grzyb, 2016), it is worth observing that it does help to understand the phenomenon of the birth and growth of totalitarian movements
In the experiment we examined whether the obedience noted on multiple occasions in studies conducted under the Milgram paradigm would be limited in conditions where the participant expected to soon become the recipient of an electric shock following each mistake
Summary
Himself as an instrument for carrying out the wishes of others” (Milgram, 1974, p. 134). Goldman, Creason, & McCall, 1981; Seligman, Miller, Goldberg, Geldberg, Clark, & Bush, 1976) While such an interpretation of the behaviours of individuals participating in experiments using the Milgram paradigm has not been demonstrated empirically yet (Dolinski and Grzyb, 2016), it is worth observing that it does help to understand the phenomenon of the birth and growth of totalitarian movements. Remaining with the subject of the behaviour of Nazis supporters during the Hitler era, it is worth drawing attention to one particular fact concerning the birth of antiNazi movements They were practically nonexistent in Germany at the time when Hitler was enjoying his greatest successes, grew in strength following the collapse of the German army at Stalingrad. We may expect that individuals “zapping with electricity” the “learner” sitting in the other room will be inclined to think that they will get the learner’s revenge when their roles are to be reversed, and will be more inclined to refuse to press subsequent buttons, even in the face of pressure from an authority figure
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