Abstract
Up to now, multijunction cell design is the only successful way demonstrated to overcome the Shockley–Quiesser limit for single solar cells. Perovskite materials have been attracting ever‐increasing attention owing to their large absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, low cost, and easy fabrication process. With their rapidly increased power conversion efficiency, organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite‐based solar cells have demonstrated themselves as the most promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaic applications. In fact, it is a dream come true for researchers to finally find a perfect top‐cell candidate in tandem device design in commercially developed solar cells like single‐crystalline silicon and CIGS cells used as the bottom component cells. Here, the recent progress of multijunction solar cells is reviewed, including perovskite/silicon, perovskite/CIGS, perovskite/perovskite, and perovskite/polymer multijunction cells. In addition, some perspectives on using these solar cells in emerging markets such as in portable devices, Internet of Things, etc., as well as an outlook for perovskite‐based multijunction solar cells are discussed.
Highlights
Up to now, multijunction cell design is the only successful way demonstrated to overcome the Shockley–Quiesser limit for single solar cells
The MAPbI3 single-junction solar cell attained 9.1% efficiency when formed by annealing at 100 °C for 5 min, which was suitable for fabrication on the polymer solar cell
Since perovskite solar cells share a similar structure with polymer solar cells and a few triple-junction polymer cells have been demonstrated, it is likely that a perovskite triplejunction solar cell will be designed
Summary
There are three representative categories twojunction tandem solar cells: two-terminal (2T) monolithically integrated, four-terminal (4T) mechanically stacked, and 4T optically coupled multijunction cells. Because the two subcells are connected in series, the overall Voc of the integrated cell is the sum of the Voc of the two subcells minus the voltage loss in the tunnel junction As it is integrated, it needs only one top transparent electrode, which is advantageous for lowering the manufacturing cost and associated parasitic absorption losses. The most challenging issue in the 2T architecture is the charge recombination layer between the two subcells It should have low electrical resistance as well as good transparency in the near-infrared region to guarantee that the long wavelength photon s can reach the bottom cell. The highest PCEs for both tandem configurations can be over 46%, remarkably higher than the S-Q limit of ≈33% for single junction cell under 1 sun illumination.[4]. For the 2T configuration, due to the current match requirement, the top cell bandgap for high PCE devices is stringently limited to the range of 1.5–1.9 eV. Because of the tunable bandgaps in the range of 1.5–2.2 eV, lead halide perovskites are ideal candidates for the top cell to pair with a lower bandgap cell in both 2T and 4T tandem configurations to achieve high PCEs
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