Peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and recurrent admissions for acute decompensated heart failure: The ARIC study

Abstract

Background and aimsPeripheral artery disease (PAD) has not only been associated with recurrent hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) but is also associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a known risk factor for worse heart failure outcomes. The interaction of CKD with PAD in post-discharge ADHF outcomes is not well known. MethodsSince 2005, hospitalizations for ADHF were sampled from 4 US regions by the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and classified by physician review. We examined the adjusted association of PAD with 1-year ADHF readmissions, in patients with and without CKD (defined by glomerular filtration rate [GFR] ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 [stage 3a or worse]). ResultsFrom 2005 to 2018, there were 1049 index hospitalizations for patients with ADHF (mean age 77 years, 66 % white) with creatinine data, who were discharged alive. Of these, 155 (15 %) had PAD and 66 % had CKD. In comparison to those without PAD, patients with PAD had more comorbid conditions and higher 1-year ADHF readmission rates, irrespective of CKD status. After adjustment, PAD was associated with a greater risk of 1-year ADHF readmissions, both for patients with concomitant CKD (HR, 1.70; 95 % CI: 1.29–2.24) and those without CKD (HR, 1.97; 95 % CI: 1.14–3.40); p-interaction = 0.8. ConclusionAmong patients hospitalized with ADHF, those with concurrent PAD have more prevalent cardiovascular comorbidities and higher likelihood of 1-year ADHF readmission, irrespective of CKD status. Integrating a more holistic approach in management of patients with concomitant heart failure, PAD and CKD may be an important strategy to improve the prognosis in this vulnerable population.