Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that the rate of periodontal breakdown significantly increased in patients compromised from both periodontal disease and osteoporosis. One pharmacological agent used for their treatment is strontium renalate due to its simultaneous ability to increase bone formation and halt bone resorption. The aim of the present study was to achieve periodontal regeneration of strontium-incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass (Sr-MBG) scaffolds in an osteoporotic animal model carried out by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). 15 female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control unfilled periodontal defects, 2) MBG alone and 3) Sr-MBG scaffolds. 10 weeks after OVX, bilateral fenestration defects were created at the buccal aspect of the first mandibular molar and assessed by micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis after 28 days. Periodontal fenestration defects treated with Sr-MBG scaffolds showed greater new bone formation (46.67%) when compared to MBG scaffolds (39.33%) and control unfilled samples (17.50%). The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts was also significantly reduced in defects receiving Sr-MBG scaffolds. The results from the present study suggest that Sr-MBG scaffolds may provide greater periondontal regeneration. Clinical studies are required to fully characterize the possible beneficial effect of Sr-releasing scaffolds for patients suffering from a combination of both periodontal disease and osteoporosis.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a worldwide chronic disease which affects over 200 million people worldwide characterized by low bone mass, poor bone strength and microarchitectural deterioration of bone [1]
It was noted that osteoblasts clustered on the surface of mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) and Sr-MBG and participated aided in the osteogenesis and mineralization (Fig. 4D and F)
Little difference was observed between MBG and Sr-MBG for defect fill indicating that the speed of new bone formation was slightly faster in the defects receiving Sr-MBG scaffolds (Fig. 3C)
Summary
Osteoporosis is a worldwide chronic disease which affects over 200 million people worldwide characterized by low bone mass, poor bone strength and microarchitectural deterioration of bone [1]. Studies have demonstrated that it simultaneous acts by both increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption [15,16,17,18,19,20] demonstrating increases in bone mineral density in the lumbar spine, the femoral neck and in total hip reconstruction following its use in clinical trials [21,22,23,24,25]. While the great majority of research in the field of osteoporosis is currently focused on the preventative measures of disease progression, less study on the therapeutic effect of local transplantation of bioactive scaffolds has been investigated following osteoporotic-related fractures. The advancements in tissue engineering over the last several decades warrant the discovery and application of new therapeutic options carrying bioactive and pharmacological agents within scaffolds capable of guiding cell tissue response upon implantation
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