Abstract
The development of routing protocol to manage energy consumption of wireless sensor devices is one of the active research areas. The main challenge is the resource constraint (e.g. energy). In Internet of Things (IoT), the devices operate in the presence of these limitations. Thus, an energy-efficient routing protocol is required. Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Network (RPL) is already introduced to enable IoT over Wireless Sensor Network. In this paper, a modified routing protocol depending on the maximum number of parent objective function (MNP-OF) is proposed. MNP-OF uses a new node metric called Neighboring-metric (N-metric). The proposed protocol is called MNP based on Remaining Energy (MRE) that combines N-metric with the node remaining energy metric for all nodes to the root node to select the preferred path. The results showed that MRE achieved up to 94% energy saving compared to RPL protocol in medium and large scale networks, while a reduction of about 33% in average remaining energy in small scale network. MRE showed considerable reductions in the average delay and the number of dead nodes combined with improvements in throughput, number of control messages, and number of switching parents for small scale network.
Highlights
The WSNs applications are growing rapidly in recent years
The results showed that the proposed scheme performed better than RPL in terms of energy consumption, delay, Packet Reception Ratio (PRR), and the number of dead nodes
The main intension of this paper is to investigate the effect of the neighboring nodes metric combined with the remaining energy of nodes on RPL performance
Summary
The WSNs applications are growing rapidly in recent years. This enabled the researchers to develop and improve WSN technology in different fields to satisfy the application requirements. A new parent selection mechanism (uses ETX, expected transmission time ( ETT) , and the remaining energy ( RE) of the node) is suggested to balance the workload among parents and to improve the lifetime of all meters in the network. The results showed that the proposed scheme performed better than RPL in terms of energy consumption, delay, PRR, and the number of dead nodes. MNP based Remaining Energy ( MRE) routing protocol is proposed that uses both the N- metric and the node remaining energy in the parent selection process to improve the performance when the number of nodes is increased. MNP based Remaining Energy ( MRE) routing protocol, both the Nmetric and the node remaining energy are involved in the parent selection process.
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