Abstract
In future power systems, highly increased renewable integration is expected to meet global decarbonisation targets. The risks and uncertainties brought about by renewable integration will challenge system stability. This study analyses the impact of the increased level of renewable energy sources integration on system transient stability and out-of-step tripping (OST) protection. To this end, the performance of OST protection is assessed in terms of the ability to prevent system instability under different contingencies. A modified two-area test system and Great Britain (GB) 29-zone system integrated with a dynamic model of wind turbines are selected as test systems. A systematic approach is adopted to design a specific OST protection scheme for each test system and to obtain suitable relay settings. An extensive number of simulation studies are carried out using DIgSILENT PowerFactory to assess the performance of the designed schemes under different renewable integration levels. Conclusions are made based on the obtained results, which all imply that revision of the existing OST protection scheme will be inevitably needed.
Highlights
The development of renewable generation technologies has progressed rapidly around the world over the recent years, facilitating large-scale deployment and integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems
This paper investigates the impacts of renewable integration in power systems on the operation of the conventional impedancebased of-step tripping (OST) scheme
Variation of penetration level can lead to altered coherent generator groups, swing frequency and impedance trajectories
Summary
The development of renewable generation technologies has progressed rapidly around the world over the recent years, facilitating large-scale deployment and integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems. Out-of-step tripping (OST) protection falls under System Integrity Protection Schemes It is designed, in principle, to separate a power system into isolated islands following severe disturbances, as a last resort to prevent wide-area blackouts [1]. Reduced inertia time constant can lead to larger swing frequency and rate of change of apparent impedance measured by OST relays. The impedance-based out-of-step detection method is based on the fact that the positive-sequence impedance measured by the distance relay changes due to fluctuations of voltages and currents during a power swing. This phenomenon can be explained using a simple two-source system as follows. Stability studies must be carried out to choose the optimal location because the electrical centre is constantly changing under different operating conditions
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