Abstract
This article briefs about a smart multifunctional single-phase inverter control for a domestic solar photo voltaic (PV)-based distributed generation that can work in both a grid-connected mode and an islanded mode by making the inverter mimic the operation of a synchronous generator. The control objectives were threefold: to provide the required active and reactive power for normal operating conditions and under varying operating conditions, to maintain the rated voltage and the rated frequency for the islanded mode, and to switch between the two modes of operation with the least amount of disturbance for the system while behaving as a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). The control structure is divided into three major loops: the outermost loop responsible for power control, the middle loop responsible for voltage control, and the innermost loop responsible for current control. The proposed control methodology incorporates the functionalities of the grid-connected and the islanded-mode control into a single complex structure and thus provides support to the grid under abnormal conditions while providing good-quality power to consumers under grid failure. The efficacy of the system is good. The operation under various modes were simulated in MATLAB Simulink, and the proportional integral (PI) controllers used for current controllers were tuned using particle swarm optimization (PSO). It can be concluded that the control structure becoming complex is benefitted by the added advantages of the smart PV system. The smart domestic PV system helps the prosumer to actively provide frequency support and voltage support, adding frequency support to the existing multifunctional PV systems.
Highlights
Renewable energy integration into power systems is constantly on the rise, and solar photovoltaic-based power generation is one of the two major forms of consumption of renewable energy
For an increase in frequency, the proposed virtual synchronous generator (VSG) should be behaving like a decelerating machine, and, for a decrease in frequency, the proposed VSG should be behaving like an accelerating machine, so that the active power decreases or increases to bring the frequency to the nominal value
This study proposed a control schema for a multifunctional photo voltaic (PV) for modern smart-grid domestic applications, and, by incorporating the virtual-synchronous-generator-based control techniques, it is easy to include the real and the reactive power control for the grid-tied and the islanded mode operations into a single loop
Summary
Renewable energy integration into power systems is constantly on the rise, and solar photovoltaic-based power generation is one of the two major forms of consumption of renewable energy. The advantage of solar photovoltaic power generation over wind-based power generation is that it is easy to include it as modules from small power levels to large power levels and in AC as well as DC microgrids. This is one of the reasons why the trend of increasing solar photovoltaic penetration across different countries and many developing countries is encouraging the installation of solar-based generation through providing financial support [1,2]. Because of the modular structure of solar panels, it is easier to add them for single-phase and three-phase electrical systems, and the general control structure of this is well established [3]. Unlike conventional rotating machine-based generators, the power electronic converters’ interconnection is having multiple issues due to fast switching, and many standards are established and are to be followed [4,5]
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