Abstract
Twenty watt-hour size cells were tested at 180° - 260°C to observe performance trends as a function of charge and discharge rate, temperature and cycling on a 3 cycle per day routine. Major components of the test geometry were a carbon steel outer sodium container, a beta alumina separator tube 2.5 cm o.d. X 15 cm long X 2 mm wall thickness, spiral nickel or molybdenum brush current collectors, and a positive mix of carbon powder, sodium chloroaluminate and antimony trichloride. Energy input and output, energy efficiency and antimony utilization were monitored at discharge rates of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 hours and charge rates of 3, 5, 7 and 10 hours to 100% depth (4.0 V top of charge and 1.9 V bottom of discharge). Scaled up 50 and 80 Wh cells were constructed and tested. Projections of the performance of 200 Wh cells and the cost of a 100 MWh battery are given for utility load leveling applications.
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