Abstract
Application of conventional polymeric membranes in CO2 separation processes are limited by the existing trade-off between permeability and selectivity represented by the renowned upper bound. Addition of porous nanofillers in polymeric membranes is a promising approach to transcend the upper bound, owing to their superior separation capabilities. Porous nanofillers entice increased attention over nonporous counterparts due to their inherent CO2 uptake capacities and secondary transport pathways when added to polymer matrices. Infinite possibilities of tuning the porous architecture of these nanofillers also facilitate simultaneous enhancement of permeability, selectivity and stability features of the membrane conveniently heading in the direction towards industrial realization. This review focuses on presenting a complete synopsis of inherent capacities of several porous nanofillers, like metal organic frameworks (MOFs), Zeolites, and porous organic frameworks (POFs) and the effects on their addition to polymeric membranes. Gas permeation performances of select hybrids with these three-dimensional (3D) fillers and porous nanosheets have been summarized and discussed with respect to each type. Consequently, the benefits and shortcomings of each class of materials have been outlined and future research directions concerning the hybrids with 3D fillers have been suggested.
Highlights
An wide scientific consensus is nowadays established in the international community over the anthropogenic climate change and global warming due to a drastic increase of atmospheric level of CO2 [1]
The recent advances in the synthesis and improvements of 2D and 3D porous nanophases has driven a continuous research within the development of mixed matrix membranes for gas separation purposes
The pore opening size falling within the gas kinetic diameters and the presence of unsaturated open metal sites makes them of particular interest for CO2 separation
Summary
An wide scientific consensus is nowadays established in the international community over the anthropogenic climate change and global warming due to a drastic increase of atmospheric level of CO2 [1]. The addition of ZIF-8 nanoparticles enhanced the H2 -selective properties of the hybrids, with the aggregated samples showing even better performance (68% increase in H2 permeability) when compared to the one with homogeneous dispersion (Table 1). The single gas permeation tests showed improved selectivity and permeability for the well-dispersed membrane and the lower drop observed for the N2 permeability, with respect to CH4 permeability, was explained in terms of surface diffusion mechanism and framework flexibility of ZIF-8. The addition of 33 wt.% ZIF-8 in the polymer matrix
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