Abstract
Recently, the Korea Meteorological Administration developed Asian Dust Aerosol Model version 3 (ADAM3) by incorporating additional parameters into ADAM2, including anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions, modification of dust generation by considering real-time surface vegetation, and assimilations of surface PM observations and satellite-measured aerosol optical depth. This study evaluates the performance of ADAM3 in identifying Asian dust days over the dust source regions in Northern China and their variations according to regions and soil types by comparing its performance with ADAM2 (from January to June of 2017). In all regions the performance of ADAM3 was markedly improved, especially for Northwestern China, where the threat score (TS) and the probability of detection (POD) improved from 5.4% and 5.5% to 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. ADAM3 outperforms ADAM2 for all soil types, especially for the sand-type soil for which TS and POD are improved from 39.2.0% and 50.7% to 48.9% and 68.2%, respectively. Despite these improvements in regions and surface soil types, Asian dust emission formulas in ADAM3 need improvement for the loess-type soils to modulate the overestimation of Asian dust events related to anthropogenic emissions in the Huabei Plain and Manchuria.
Highlights
Dust events occur when strong or turbulent wind occurs over dry surfaces with exposed and loose soil
Asian Dust Aerosol Model 3 (ADAM3) and ADAM2 simulations, respectively, against Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) observations according to surface soil
ADAM3 and ADAM2 simulations, respectively, against MEP observations according to surface soil types
Summary
Dust events occur when strong or turbulent wind occurs over dry surfaces with exposed and loose soil. These conditions are common in semi-arid and arid regions [1], including northeastern Asia, where Asian dust events are most frequent in spring, from March to May [2,3,4]. Some studies showed a decrease in China’s dust event frequency [9,10,11], which may be related to warmer temperatures and increased rainfall [12,13] and/or to government-sponsored land restoration and afforestation schemes [14] that resulted in the contraction of arid regions. The impact of afforestation schemes is a matter for debate [15,16]
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